Ovarian superstimulation, transrectal ultrasound-guided oocyte recovery, and IVF in rhinoceros

Hermes, Robert; Göritz, Frank; Portas, T.J.; Bryant, Benn; Kelly, Jennifer; Maclellan, L.J.; Keeley, Tamara; Schwarzenberger, Franz; Walzer, Chris; Schnorrenberg, A.; Spindler, Rebecca; Saragusty, Joseph; Kaandorp, S.; Hildebrandt, Thomas B.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.06.014

Cited by 38 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is used to monitor the urogenital tract in both males 31 and females; 28 identify reproductive tract pathologies; 22 characterize the female reproductive status and elucidate the reproductive cycle pattern through longitudinal studies; 43 assess male reproductive status and collect semen; 26,30 help determine the sex of the fetus 9 as well as that of adult animals in the few monomorphic mammalian species such as beavers, sloths, and the spotted hyena; 33 and determine and monitor pregnancy and fetal development and diagnose embryonic resorption in various species, including the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants, snow leopard (Uncia uncia), bonobos (Pan paniscus), European brown hare (Lepus europaeus), and tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). 21,32 Ultrasonography is also used in nondomestic mammals for diseases diagnosis and identification of pathologic processes in species such as the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus), 73 koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), 48 and oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus). Ultrasonography plays a paramount role in procedures such as ovum pickup, artificial insemination, and embryo transfer in various species.…”

Section: Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ultrasonography in Wildlife Species

Hildebrandt¹,

Saragusty²

2015

Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Volume 8

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Section: Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ultrasonography in Wildlife Species

Hildebrandt¹,

Saragusty²

2015

Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Volume 8

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“…The impeded surgical access for flank laparoscopy in rhinoceroses force us to seek other modalities, e.g. in vivo recovery of oocytes after ovarian superstimulation is performed transrectally [14]. Limited access to the animal for wound management further complicates seemingly simple surgical interventions in rhinos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Tract Tumours: The Scourge of Woman Reproduction Ails Indian Rhinoceroses

et al. 2014

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In Indian rhinoceros, extensive leiomyoma, a benign smooth muscle tumour, was sporadically diagnosed post mortem and commonly thought of as contributing factor for reduced fecundity of this species in captivity. However, to date, the prevalence of reproductive tract tumours and their relevance for fecundity are unknown. Our analysis of the international studbook now reveals that females cease reproducing at the age of 18.1±1.2 years; equivalent to a reproductive lifespan of just 9.5±1.3 years. This short reproductive life is in sharp contrast to their longevity in captivity of over 40 years. Here we show, after examining 42% of the captive female population, that age-related genital tract tumours are highly prevalent in this endangered species. Growth and development of these tumours was found to be age-related, starting from the age of 10 years. All females older than 12 years had developed genital tumours, just 7–9 years past maturity. Tumour sizes ranged from 1.5–10 cm. With age, tumours became more numerous, sometimes merging into one large diffuse tumour mass. These tumours, primarily vaginal and cervical, presumably cause widespread young-age infertility by the age of 18 years. In few cases, tumour necrosis suggested possible malignancy of tumours. Possible consequences of such genital tract tumour infestation are hindered intromission, pain during mating, hampered sperm passage, risk of ascending infection during pregnancy, dystocia, or chronic vaginal bleeding. In humans, leiomyoma affect up to 80% of pre-menopause women. While a leading cause for infertility, pregnancy is known to reduce the risk of tumour development. However, different from human, surgical intervention is not a viable treatment option in rhinoceroses. Thus, in analogy to humans, we suggest early onset and seamless consecutive pregnancies to help reduce prevalence of this disease, better maintain a self-sustained captive population and improve animal welfare.

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“…To date there are no reports of oocyte collection in elephants. Attempts at superstimulation and oocyte recovery in other megaherbivores such as the rhinoceros have been reported (Hermes et al 2009 ) so there is good reason to believe that the procedure, at least the oocyte retrieval part, in elephants is not insurmountable. The size of the elephant and the location of the ovaries make such a procedure technically challenging but not impossible.…”

Section: "Canonical" Interspecifi C Somatic Cells Nuclear Transfer (Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning the Mammoth: A Complicated Task or Just a Dream?

Loi

Saragusty

Ptak

2014

Reproductive Sciences in Animal Conservation

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Recently there has been growing interest in applying the most advanced embryological tools, particularly cloning, to bring extinct species back to life, with a particular focus on the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius). Mammoth's bodies found in the permafrost are relatively well preserved, with identifiable nuclei in their tissues. The purpose of this chapter is to review the literature published on the topic, and to present the strategies potentially suitable for a mammoth cloning project, with a frank assessment of their feasibility and the ethical issues involved.

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Ovarian superstimulation, transrectal ultrasound-guided oocyte recovery, and IVF in rhinoceros

Cited by 38 publications

References 33 publications

Use of Ultrasonography in Wildlife Species

Use of Ultrasonography in Wildlife Species

Reproductive Tract Tumours: The Scourge of Woman Reproduction Ails Indian Rhinoceroses

Cloning the Mammoth: A Complicated Task or Just a Dream?

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