Ovarian Steroidogenic Abnormalities in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Magoffin, Denis A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-179-6_18

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 28 publications

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“…In contrast, an increase in 5α-reductase enzyme concentration in granulose cells leads to the production of 5α-androstane-3,17-dione, a competitive inhibitor of aromatase activity further increasing androgen levels. The granulosa cells are also over-responsive to LH and produce increased amounts of progesterone [38]. Excess androgen production (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEAS]) in PCOS can also be attributed to a primary functional defect of adrenal steroidogenesis (functional adrenal hyperandrogenism [FAH]) [39,40].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventional Studies for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Children and Adolescents

Vuguin

2010

Pediatric Health

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by chronic anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, which can be associated with altered insulin action. Symptoms usually begin around menarche, but onset after puberty may also occur as a result of environmental modifiers such as weight gain. The consequences of PCOS extend beyond the reproductive axis; there is a substantial risk for development of metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities similar to the metabolic syndrome. Currently, the treatment is targeted to the patient’s primary complaint such as hirsutism, restoration of regular menses or pregnancy. Pharmacological agents available for the treatment of hirsutism include androgen suppressors and peripheral androgen blockers. Recently, our understanding of the role of insulin resistance has led to the use of insulin-sensitizing medications as first-choice therapy. In conjunction with weight reduction and exercise, a pharmacologic reduction in insulin levels by either metformin or thiazolidinediones ameliorates both hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism.

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Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventional Studies for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Children and Adolescents

Vuguin

2010

Pediatric Health

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Enrichment analyses of diseases and pathways associated with precocious puberty using PrecocityDB

Sharma

Kundu

Barai

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Precocious puberty (PP) is an important endocrine disorder affecting children globally. Several genes, SNPs and comorbidities are reported to be associated with PP; however, this data is scattered across scientific literature and has not been systematically collated and analysed. In this study, we present PrecocityDB as the first manually curated online database on genes and their ontology terms, SNPs, and pathways associated with PP. A tool for visualizing SNP coordinates and allelic variation on each chromosome, for genes associated with PP is also incorporated in PrecocityDB. Pathway enrichment analysis of PP-associated genes revealed that endocrine and cancer-related pathways are highly enriched. Disease enrichment analysis indicated that individuals with PP seem to be highly likely to suffer from reproductive and metabolic disorders such as PCOS, hypogonadism, and insulin resistance. PrecocityDB is a useful resource for identification of comorbid conditions and disease risks due to shared genes in PP. PrecocityDB is freely accessible at http://www.precocity.bicnirrh.res.in. The database source code and content can be downloaded through GitHub (https://github.com/bic-nirrh/precocity).

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Androgen signalling in the ovaries and endometrium

Lissaman

Girling

Cree

et al. 2023

Molecular Human Reproduction

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Currently, our understanding of hormonal regulation within the female reproductive system is largely based on our knowledge of estrogen and progesterone signalling. However, while the important functions of androgens in male physiology are well known, it is also recognised that androgens play critical roles in the female reproductive system. Further, androgen signalling is altered in a variety of gynaecological conditions, including endometriosis and PCOS, indicative of regulatory roles in endometrial and ovarian function. Co-regulatory mechanisms exist between different androgens, estrogens, and progesterone, resulting in a complex network of steroid hormone interactions. Evidence from animal knockout studies, in vitro experiments, and human data indicates that the androgen receptor expression is cell-specific and menstrual cycle stage-dependent, with important regulatory roles in the menstrual cycle, endometrial biology, and follicular development in the ovaries. This review will discuss the expression and co-regulatory interactions of androgen receptors, highlighting the complexity of the androgen signalling pathway in the endometrium and ovaries, and the synthesis of androgens from additional alternative pathways previously disregarded as male-specific. Moreover, it will illustrate the challenges faced when studying androgens in female biology, and the need for a more in-depth, integrative view of androgen metabolism and signalling in the female reproductive system.

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Ovarian Steroidogenic Abnormalities in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Interventional Studies for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Children and Adolescents

Interventional Studies for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Children and Adolescents

Enrichment analyses of diseases and pathways associated with precocious puberty using PrecocityDB

Androgen signalling in the ovaries and endometrium

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