Ovarian dysgerminoma in pregnancy

Abstract

Rationale: Although dysgerminomas are relatively uncommon among all ovarian neoplasms, representing for only about 2%, they account for 32.8 percent of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. Their association with pregnancy is extremely rare; due to the low frequency of occurrence, there are few recommendations regarding pregnancy management; therefore, it is important to discuss and summarize the treatment strategy. Patient concerns: We present the case of a 25 years patient, gestation 1, para 1, who was hospitalized in the clinic at 38/39 weeks of gestation at the beginning of labor. Following the ultrasound examination, a hypoechogenic lesion on the uterine fundus was found, suggestive of subterranean fibroid. After caesarean section, right adnexectomy was performed; the histopathological examination revealed, unexpectedly, the diagnosis of dysgerminoma. Diagnoses: Dysgerminoma as associated with pregnancy. Interventions: Birth by Caesarean section and right adnexectomy. No other medical complications occurred. Outcomes: The histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were consistent with the pure dysgerminoma. Oncology was staged AI, with the monitoring of markers and abdominal and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Lessons: Dysgerminoma is the most common ovarian malignancy associated with pregnancy with a good fetal maternal outcome. If these tumors are discovered accidentally during caesarean section, tumor markers and magnetic resonance imaging scanning should be done postoperatively to plan optimal treatment.

Ovarian Dysgerminoma During Pregnancy: Case Report

“…The malignant germ cell tumor represents less than 5% of all ovarian cancers, it is uncommon, with little known behavior during pregnancy, with dysgerminoma being the most frequent subtype (38.2%) (Sas et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2018;Kodama et al, 2014;Gauza1 et al, 2010).…”

“…The incidence of dysgerminoma is approximately 0.2 to 1 per 1,000,000 pregnancies (Sas et al, 2021;Chen et al, 2018). Kodama, et al (2014) carried out a systematic review of malignant germ cell tumor associated with pregnancy, identifying 102 cases, the most frequent histological subtype being dysgerminoma (38.2%), followed by yolk sac tumor (30.4%).…”

“…The incidence of ovarian cancer is 2.8 to 11 per 100,000 pregnancies, where 18 to 26% of cases are malignant germ cell tumors. The most frequent subtype is dysgerminoma (38.2%) (Sas et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2018;Kodama et al, 2014).…”

“…The incidence of ovarian dysgerminoma is approximately 0.2 to 1 per 1,000,000 pregnancies, they are rare (Sas et al, 2021;Chen et al, 2018). They predominantly affect adolescents and young adults (Sas et al, 2021). Diagnosis is generally difficult (Douaguibe et al, 2021).…”

Clinical analysis of 52 adolescent patients with ovarian masses ≥10 cm in diameter

“…Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors are predominant in young women and account for <5% of all malignant ovarian tumors. 30 In cases of early disease, comprehensive staging can be omitted and lymph nodes are not necessarily resected. Yolk sac tumors of the ovary account for approximately 20% of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and 1% of all malignant ovarian tumors.…”