Ovarian Dysgerminoma

Abstract

Dysgerminomas are rare ovarian malignancies that primarily affect young women and can occur during pregnancy. Clinically, these tumors present with lower quadrant pain and adnexal mass, and laboratory values may include elevated beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). These symptoms, along with the sonographic findings of a large, solid lobulated adnexal mass in young women, strongly suggest an ovarian dysgerminoma in the differential diagnosis. The majority of these tumors will be diagnosed at Stage IA and will respond well to fertility-sparing surgery. This case report demonstrates both the clinical and sonographic findings unique to this rare type of ovarian malignancy.

Pure dysgerminoma of the ovary: a study of 31 cases

“…The most common clinical presentation is a young woman with a subacute lower quadrant pain and a pelvic mass found by physical examination. 6 In fact, our series illustrate 31 cases of dysgerminomas with abdominal distention as the most common symptom of nearly 42% of cases.…”

“…Diagnosis can be made by pelvic ultrasound imaging which found in 59% of cases a highly vascularized, large, solid, lobulated adnexel mass with irregular internal echogenicity. 6 In addition, pelvic MRI can be suggested to confirm the diagnosis: it showed typically a multilobulated solid mass with lobules divided by fibrovascular septa. 6 However, the final diagnosis of dysgerminoma is confirmed by anatomopathological study on surgical specimen.…”

“…6 In addition, pelvic MRI can be suggested to confirm the diagnosis: it showed typically a multilobulated solid mass with lobules divided by fibrovascular septa. 6 However, the final diagnosis of dysgerminoma is confirmed by anatomopathological study on surgical specimen. In our cases, ultrasound examination was the reliable imaging technique and MRI was not made for any patient.…”

Torsion of Ovarian Dysgerminoma in a Child: Role of Computed Tomography

“…Histologically, they present as aggregates of large, uniformly appearing giant cells with no differentiation to embryonal or extraembryonal structures. Additionally, they are associated with elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and an additional elevated beta human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level in 5% of the patients, secondary to infiltration by syncytiotrophoblasts [ 1 , 2 ].…”

“…Dysgerminomas are more frequently detected in adolescent women, especially during pregnancy and can be bilateral in 15% of the cases [ 1 , 2 ]. Unlike most other germ cell tumors, they tend to grow rapidly and are usually diagnosed early at initial presentation.…”