Ovarian cycle in immature and adult stages ofTrichogramma cacoeciae andT. Brassicae (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae)

Effect of Wolbachia on the Survival and Reproduction of Trichogramma kaykai Pinto & Stouthamer (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

“…They also suggest that a cost exists in infected wasps when they are compared with their uninfected counterparts and that this cost has potential consequences on the dynamics of these co-existing, conspecific populations. Furthermore, these results are consistent with those reported for different strains of T. kaykai and for several others species of Trichogramma that have conspecific thelytokous and arrhenotokous populations (Stouthamer & Luck 1993, Volkoff & Daumal 1994, van Meer 1999.…”

Effect of host availability and egg load in Trichogramma platneri Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and its consequences on progeny quality

“…These females maintained a constant number of eggs in their ovaries until the fifth day after emergence. Anunciada and Voegelé (1982), and Volkoff and Daumal (1994) reported a similar result for T. brassicae. These workers showed that T. brassicae continued to mature eggs until the fourth and fifth day after emergence.…”

“…obs. ), and T. brassicae (Anunciada and Voegelé, 1982;Fleury and Bouletreau, 1993;Volkoff and Daumal, 1994) suggest that the classification of Trichogramma as a proovigenic species (sensu Flanders, 1950) does not reflect the temporal pattern of either oviposition or egg load changes in these parasitoids. Jervis and Copland (1996) suggested that it would be better to consider proovigeny and synovigeny as extremes in a continuum since, among insects, there are varying degrees of synovigeny.…”

“…They have revealed the importance of feeding the wasps a carbohydrate (Yu et al, 1984;Smith et al, 1986;Hohmann et al, 1988Hohmann et al, , 1989McDougall and Mills, 1997), exposing them to their target hosts before releasing them (Bergeijk et al, 1989), and timing their release (Volkoff and Daumal, 1994;Smith, 1996). The adoption of these recommendations along with maximizing wasp size would certainly improve current biological control programs that use Trichogramma spp.…”

Biological parameters and parasitism capacity of Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) reared on natural and factitious hosts for successive generations

“…Oviposition peak of different species of egg parasitoids from the genus Trichogramma, for example, have been already reported in the literature on the first day after adult emergence (Bai et al, 1992;Volkoff and Daumal, 1994). This is usually a consequence of most of these parasitoids to have the capacity to store a full complement of mature eggs in the ovaries or oviducts and complete oogenesis either before or shortly after adult emergence (pro-ovigenic parasitoids) (Mills and Kuhlmann, 2000) and, thus, adults emerge ready to lay eggs.…”