Ovarian actinomycosis: Presenting as ovarian mass without any history of intra-uterine copper device

Pelvic actinomycosis presenting as a single episode of postmenopausal bleeding in a 60-year-old woman whose intrauterine contraceptive device had been removed 10 years previously: A case report

“…In nearly all published cases, recent or current use of an IUCD is reported. There are cases in which the infection was unrelated to IUCD use, but, unlike in our case, the patients had significant symptoms and pathology, such as retroperitoneal fibrosis and adnexal masses at the time of diagnosis [ [3] , [4] , [5] ].…”

Pelvic actinomycosis mimicking an advanced ovarian carcinoma: a rare case report with review of literature

“…These organisms are not considered particularly virulent pathogens, but rather as opportunistic ones, because infection usually occurs only after disruption of the mucus membrane and their ability to secrete proteolytic enzymes, disrupt tissue planes and compress surrounding tissue makes their appearance similar to a malignant process. 3,[6][7][8] .Based on anatomical site of infection they are classified into the cervicofacial region, abdominopelvic region, thoracic region and might involve the central nervous system (CNS). [4][5][6] Pelvic actinomycosis constitutes 3% of all human actinomycotic infections.…”

“…It has been assumed that bacteria enter the ovary when its surface is broken by the process of ovulation. 8,9 The diagnosis of pelvic actinomycosis is challenging with only 10% of cases diagnosed preoperatively. 3 Ultrasound and CT scan are the most commonly used imaging modalities; however, the findings are usually nonspecific therefore do not help much.…”

“…3 Thus, the diagnosis is done on pathological, serological, and bacteriological examinations. 8 Abdominal actinomycosis makes up 20% of the cases. 10 It is the most indolent and presents with variable clinical findings depending on the primary site of involvement and the duration of the disease.…”