OVALBUMIN mRNA, COMPLEMENTARY DNA AND HORMONE REGULATION IN CHICK OVIDUCT

Schimke, Robert T.; Rhoads, Robert E.; Palacios, Raphael; Sullivan, Drew

doi:10.1530/acta.0.074s357

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Since one or more proteins are turning over, this experiment indirectly suggests that their messenger ribonucleic acid was stable. This interpretation is in accordance with results obtained with other systems for selective protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells (15,28).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Insect immunity. 11. Simultaneous induction of antibacterial activity and selection synthesis of some hemolymph proteins in diapausing pupae of Hyalophora cecropia and Samia cynthia

Faye¹,

Pye²,

Rasmuson³

et al. 1975

Infect Immun

129

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We have previously shown that pupae of the giant silkmoth Samia cynthia have a humoral antibacterial activity, which was induced by viable, nonpathogenic gram-negative bacteria (H. G. Boman et al., 1974). We show here that this activity was formed simultaneously with a selective incorporation of amino acids into eight polypeptide chains characterized by their electrophoretic behavior. If actinomycin D or cycloheximide were given at an early time, no antibacterial activity was found. If the inhibitors were given at the time of maximum activity, there was no effect with actinomycin D but a rapid decrease of the activity in the case of cycloheximide. The results imply that the messenger ribonucleic acid was stable, but that at least one protein component was turning over. Hemolymph from immunized pupae of another giant silkmoth, Hyalophora cecropia, was fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation. This procedure, together with the isotope distribution after co-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels, was used for comparing the response to injury and to different infections. Almost identical polypeptide patterns were obtained as a response to an infection with either viable Enterobacter cloacae or Bacillus subtilis. These patterns differed both qualitatively and quantitatively from the injury effect created by an injection as such. There was only a low antibacterial activity in each of the four fractions obtained by ammonium sulfate precipitation. However, a combination of three fractions restored a high killing activity. Fractionation of hemolymph from untreated pupae provided evidence for at least one preexisting factor which stimulated the killing of Escherichia coli. The osmotic pressure of the bacteria contributed to the antibacterial activity towards E. coli, but not towards B. subtilis. The killing of E. coli was inhibited by lipid A and, to a lesser extent, by an inhibitor of proteolytic enzymes. The similarities and differences with the mammalian complement system are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Insect immunity. 11. Simultaneous induction of antibacterial activity and selection synthesis of some hemolymph proteins in diapausing pupae of Hyalophora cecropia and Samia cynthia

Faye¹,

Pye²,

Rasmuson³

et al. 1975

Infect Immun

129

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“…1 can thus be explained and quantified in terms of an effect of dietary fatty acids on oestrogen metabolism. Effects of fats on both yolk and albumen can be explained equally well by this hypothesis: oestradiol is known to regulate hepatic synthesis of triglyceride (Kudzuma et al, 1975) and very low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein (Wiskocil et al, 1980) as well as albumen synthesis in the oviduct (Schmike et al, 1973;Okulicz et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Regulation of plasma oestrogen by dietary fats in the laying hen: Relationships with egg weight

Whitehead

Bowman

Griffin

1993

British Poultry Science

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1. Feeding a diet supplemented with maize oil was found to elevate plasma oestradiol concentration in laying hens. 2. In a larger-scale experiment, isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing 10, 20, 40 or 60 g/kg supplemental maize oil, tallow, coconut oil or fish oil were fed for 5 weeks. 3. Egg weights showed very different responses to the different fats. The responses could be described by quadratic functions that all gave optimum responses with supplemental dietary fat concentrations of about 40 g/kg. Egg weight increased the most with maize oil and was decreased with fish oil at the highest inclusion rate. 4. Measurements of egg components showed a relatively larger increase in albumen weights with maize oil than with other fats. 5. Across treatments, mean plasma oestradiol concentrations were very highly correlated (r = 0.96) with the changes in egg weights over the experimental period. 6. It is concluded that oestrogen is important in controlling egg weight and that the effect of dietary fats in influencing egg weight is mediated by an effect of the fats on oestrogen metabolism.

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“…Because thyroid hormone receptors and glucocorticoidreceptor complexes are found in the chromatin (3,35,36), it is possible that the changes in mRNA levels are due to hormonal regulation of transcription, as appears to be the case with sex steroids (37,38). However, it is not known, particularly for thyroid hormones, whether control of mRNA is generally responsible for other actions of the hormones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of growth hormone messenger RNA by thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones.

Martial¹,

Baxter²,

Goodman³

et al. 1977

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

329

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Thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones stimulate growth hormone synthesis in cultured rat pituitary cells (GC). We have compared changes in growth hormone production and mRNA in these cells. Triiodothyronine (10 nM) and dexamethasone (1 MtM) stimulated increases in growth hormone production by 2.5-and 3.8-fold, respectively. There were corresponding increases in the capacity of RNA from hormone-treated cells to direct synthesis of pregrowth hormone in a wheat germ cell-free translation system, suggesting hormone-regulated increases in growth hormone mRNA. Hormone-induced changes in mRNA were also demonstrated by determining the kinetics of hybridization of a cDNA probe prepared from RNA enriched (about 70%) for growth hormone translational activity with RNA from control and hormone-treated cells. These results suggest that thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones can regulate growth hormone production by influencing the levels of its mRNA. Thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones profoundly influence development, differentiation, and metabolism (1-3). Although little is known about the mechanism of thyroid hormone action, the discovery of nuclear receptors (4, 5) that are DNA-binding proteins (6) and Tata's report (7) of changes in total RNA synthesis in response to thyroid hormone have directed attention to chromatin as one possible site of hormonal control. Further, recent cell-free translational data have shown that hepatic a2u globulin mRNA is increased in thyroid hormone-treated animals (8,9). This system is somewhat complicated because at least four hormones are required, the kinetics are slow, and the stimulations have been performed in animals in which primary hormone influences have not been differentiated from secondary influences. Nevertheless, these data may indicate that thyroid hormones regulate specific mRNAs. In a few cases, the idea that glucocorticoids influence specific mRNAs has been supported directly by experiments in which cell-free translation assays of mRNA, such as that for tryptophan oxygenase (10), were used, but cDNA-RNA hybridization assays have not yet been performed except in the case of viral RNA production (11,12).Thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones stimulate growth hormone production in cultured rat pituitary cells (refs. 13-16;

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OVALBUMIN mRNA, COMPLEMENTARY DNA AND HORMONE REGULATION IN CHICK OVIDUCT

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Insect immunity. 11. Simultaneous induction of antibacterial activity and selection synthesis of some hemolymph proteins in diapausing pupae of Hyalophora cecropia and Samia cynthia

Insect immunity. 11. Simultaneous induction of antibacterial activity and selection synthesis of some hemolymph proteins in diapausing pupae of Hyalophora cecropia and Samia cynthia

Regulation of plasma oestrogen by dietary fats in the laying hen: Relationships with egg weight

Regulation of growth hormone messenger RNA by thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones.

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