Outward transport of CAIs during FU‐Orionis events

Wurm, Gerhard; Haack, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.tb00763.x

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In general, our work supports the concept of photophoretic transport of levitating particles over the surface of protoplanetary discs (Wurm & Haack 2009a,b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The implications of particle rotation on the effect of photophoresis

Eymeren¹,

Wurm²

2011

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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In a laboratory experiment, water-ice aggregates are trapped in a vacuum chamber at a pressure of 2 mbar due to photophoresis and thermophoresis. The particles are located between a Peltier element at the bottom at 250 K and a reservoir of liquid nitrogen at the top at 77 K. Particle sizes vary between 20 micrometres and a few hundred micrometres. It is found that 95% of all the particles rotate about their vertical axis. A qualitative model is developed which explains why particles should mainly align to and rotate around the vertical. The results imply that rotation does not decrease the vertical strength of photophoretically driven motion in, e.g., protoplanetary discs.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication by MNRA

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“…In general, our work supports the concept of photophoretic transport of levitating particles over the surface of protoplanetary discs (Wurm & Haack 2009a,b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

The implications of particle rotation on the effect of photophoresis

Eymeren¹,

Wurm²

2011

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…Due to the vertical alignment of the rotation axis, rotation is not decreasing the vertical strength of photophoresis. This supports the concept of photophoretic transport of levitating particles over the surface of protoplanetary discs (Wurm & Haack 2009). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Photophoresis on water-ice particles induced by thermal radiation in protoplanetary discs

Eymeren

Kelling

Wurm

et al. 2012

EAS Publications Series

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Abstract. It is widely believed that planets form in accretion discs by the growth of small dust and ice grains. To verify the scenarios of protoplanetary disc processes including the transport of material in vertical as well as in radial direction, it is crucial to understand the interaction of small dust and ice particles with their surroundings, i.e., with the gas, star light, and other ice and dust particles. In first laboratory experiments, we observe trapped irregular-shaped water-ice particles which levitate up to half an hour in a vacuum chamber at a pressure of about 2 mbar due to photophoresis and thermophoresis. While they are firmly levitating, they rotate preferentially about their vertical axis. The physics leading to the levitation is explained and the results of an analysis of the particle rotation are presented.

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“…An important pressure range for stratospheric and mesospheric particles is the mbar regime. The low pressure range is also required to study photophoresis in detail which has recently gained importance in protoplanetary disks [5]. This pressure range is intrinsically difficult for Paul traps due to voltage break throughs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice particles trapped by temperature gradients at mbar pressure

Kelling

Wurm

Dürmann

2011

Review of Scientific Instruments

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In laboratory experiments we observe that ice particles (≤ 100 µm) entrained in a low pressure atmosphere (∼ 1 mbar) get trapped by temperature gradients between three reservoirs at different tempertature. Confining elements are a peltier element at 250 K (bottom), a liquid nitrogen reservoir at 77 K (top) and the surrounding vacuum chamber at 293 K. Particle levitation and trapping is modeled by an interplay of thermophoresis, photophoresis and gravity. A number of ice particles are trapped simultaneously in close spatial distance to each other at least up to minutes and are accessible for further experiments.

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Outward transport of CAIs during FU‐Orionis events

Cited by 28 publications

References 41 publications

The implications of particle rotation on the effect of photophoresis

The implications of particle rotation on the effect of photophoresis

Photophoresis on water-ice particles induced by thermal radiation in protoplanetary discs

Ice particles trapped by temperature gradients at mbar pressure

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