Outmigration of Foreign-Born Members in Canada

Abstract

"This paper studies the partial effect of various socio-economic characteristics on the rate of outmigration of the foreign-born from the Canadian population. The data sets used are based on the microdata of the 1971 and 1981 censuses of population. It is found that migrants with high school education have the highest propensity to outmigrate, while those with less than high school education have the lowest. The propensity to outmigrate is positively related to the age of the migrant. Males tend to have a higher propensity to outmigrate, while having a command of official languages reduces the propensity to outmigrate." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Stepwise International Migration: A Multistage Migration Pattern for the Aspiring Migrant

“…Transit migration does involve intermediate stops along the way, but these are usually (or at least are planned to be) of a shorter duration (see Içduygu 2000;Carling 2007;Kuang 2008 for examples). The categories of onward migration (Lam 1994(Lam , 1996DeVoretz and Ma 2002;King and Newbold 2007;Aydemir and Robinson 2008)-sometimes also known as secondary, tertiary, triangular, or remigration-and serial migration (Ossman 2004;Siu 2005) also refer to stops of substantial duration in multiple countries. However, neither onward nor serial migration take into account the possible motivations behind such multistage migration, failing to distinguish between those journeys that were planned in advance and those that occurred more by happenstance.…”

Global labour markets, return, and onward migration

“…A related Census-based approach was used for Canada by Lam (1994). This method relies entirely on Census data, using a synthetic cohort approach.…”

Onward Emigration to the United States by Canadian Immigrants between 1995 and 2000

“…Based upon an analysis of the 1971 and 1981 Canadian Censuses, Lam (1994) noted that Canadian immigrants who were male, had a high school education and above, and originated from the United States, Latin America, or countries outside of Europe and Asia had higher propensities to emigrate from Canada. Similar results were observed in the United States, where male immigrants generally tended to be positively selected in regards to schooling (Lam, 1996).…”

“…Based upon an analysis of the 1971 and 1981 Canadian Censuses, Lam (1994) noted that Canadian immigrants who were male, had a high school education and above, and originated from the United States, Latin America, or countries outside of Europe and Asia had higher propensities to emigrate from Canada. Similar results were observed in the United States, where male immigrants generally tended to be positively selected in regards to schooling (Lam, 1996). Immigrants who are highly educated are potentially better able to capture the benefits of a subsequent onward emigration than those who are less educated, a conclusion commonly reached within the domestic migration literature (DaVanzo, 1983).…”