Outlook on sponge reproduction science in the last ten years: are we far from where we should be?

Lanna, Emílio; Cajado, Bruno; Santos, Danyele; Cruz, Fabiana; Oliveira, Fábio Santos de; Vasconcellos, Vivian

doi:10.1080/07924259.2018.1453877

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Their gametogenic and embryogenic processes are relatively well known for approximately 1% of the 9,500 species known to date, and in almost all cases there are microbes present in the process. Although there are more than 600 scientific articles about sponge reproduction (Lanna et al, 2018), several aspects of the process of symbiont transmission are still rather mysterious, such as the mechanisms involved in microbial recognition and incorporation into sponge reproductive features and the role of the microorganisms during sponge reproduction. Pioneering work on the presence of bacteria on sponge tissues and reproductive elements was based on light and electron microscopy description with little information about the constituents beyond the morphological shape and location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global patterns in symbiont selection and transmission strategies in sponges

et al. 2022

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Sponges host dense and diverse communities of microbes (known as the microbiome) beneficial for the host nutrition and defense. Symbionts in turn receive shelter and metabolites from the sponge host, making their relationship beneficial for both partners. Given that sponge-microbes associations are fundamental for the survival of both, especially the sponge, such relationship is maintained through their life and even passed on to the future generations. In many organisms, the microbiome has profound effects on the development of the host, but the influence of the microbiome on the reproductive and developmental pathways of the sponges are less understood. In sponges, microbes are passed on to oocytes, sperm, embryos, and larvae (known as vertical transmission), using a variety of methods that include direct uptake from the mesohyl through phagocytosis by oocytes to indirect transmission to the oocyte by nurse cells. Such microbes can remain in the reproductive elements untouched, for transfer to offspring, or can be digested to make the yolky nutrient reserves of oocytes and larvae. When and how those decisions are made are fundamentally unanswered questions in sponge reproduction. Here we review the diversity of vertical transmission modes existent in the entire phylum Porifera through detailed imaging using electron microscopy, available metabarcoding data from reproductive elements, and macroevolutionary patterns associated to phylogenetic constraints. Additionally, we examine the fidelity of this vertical transmission and possible reasons for the observed variability in some developmental stages. Our current understanding in marine sponges, however, is that the adult microbial community is established by a combination of both vertical and horizontal (acquisition from the surrounding environment in each new generation) transmission processes, although the extent in which each mode shapes the adult microbiome still remains to be determined. We also assessed the fundamental role of filtration, the cellular structures for acquiring external microbes, and the role of the host immune system, that ultimately shapes the stable communities of prokaryotes observed in adult sponges.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global patterns in symbiont selection and transmission strategies in sponges

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, sponges are at the base of the animal tree of life ( Feuda et al, 2017 ) and are therefore a key group for understanding the evolution of reproductive traits in Metazoa. However, although studies on sponge reproduction proliferated steadily in the last decades (reviewed in Ereskovsky, 2010 ; Lanna et al, 2018a ), only a tiny fraction of the sponge species has been studied so far, and new species-specific reproductive traits, which are driving factors of the species’ distribution and abundance, are being revealed (e.g., Abdo, Fromont & McDonald, 2008 ; Piscitelli et al, 2011 ; Pérez-Porro, González & Uriz, 2012 ; Koutsouveli et al, 2017 ). The current gaps in the knowledge of reproductive parameters of sponges prevent generalizations about reproductive strategies across taxonomic groups, growth forms, or habitat characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive strategies of two common sympatric Mediterranean sponges:Dysidea avara(Dictyoceratida) andPhorbas tenacior(Poecilosclerida)

Caralt

González

Turon

et al. 2018

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Despite their abundance in benthic ecosystems, life cycles and reproductive features of most sponge species remain unknown. We have studied the main reproductive features of two demosponges, Dysidea avara and Phorbas tenacior, belonging to phylogenetically distant groups: Orders Dictyoceratida and Poecilosclerida, respectively. Both sponges are abundant and share habitat in the Mediterranean rocky sublittoral. They brood parenchymella larvae with different morphology and behaviour. Sampling was conducted monthly over a two-year period in a locality where both species coexist. The two species reproduced in spring-summer, and presented species-specific reproductive features despite being subject to the same environmental conditions. D. avara has a shorter reproductive period than P. tenacior, ending before the peak of temperature in summer, while the reproductive period of P. tenacior lasts until beginning of autumn. Brooding larvae were present in June-July in D. avara, and in August-October in P. tenacior. Larval size, reproductive effort and number of larvae produced (measured the month with the maximum production) were significantly higher in D. avara than in P. tenacior. A higher reproductive effort and larval traits point to a more opportunistic life strategy in D. avara than in P. tenacior. A lack of overlap in the timing of larval release, as well as different reproductive traits, may reduce competition and facilitate the coexistence of these two sympatric and abundant sponges.

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Outlook on sponge reproduction science in the last ten years: are we far from where we should be?

Cited by 2 publications

References 52 publications

Global patterns in symbiont selection and transmission strategies in sponges

Global patterns in symbiont selection and transmission strategies in sponges

Reproductive strategies of two common sympatric Mediterranean sponges:Dysidea avara(Dictyoceratida) andPhorbas tenacior(Poecilosclerida)

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Outlook on sponge reproduction science in the last ten years: are we far from where we should be?

Cited by 2 publications

References 52 publications

Global patterns in symbiont selection and transmission strategies in sponges

Global patterns in symbiont selection and transmission strategies in sponges

­Reproductive strategies of two common sympatric Mediterranean sponges:Dysidea avara(Dictyoceratida) andPhorbas tenacior(Poecilosclerida)

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Reproductive strategies of two common sympatric Mediterranean sponges:Dysidea avara(Dictyoceratida) andPhorbas tenacior(Poecilosclerida)