Outline of Ecological and Economic Problems
Associated with Low Emission Reductions
in Poland’s Lubuskie Voivodeship

Dzikuć, Maria; Kułyk, Piotr; Urban, Stanisław; Piwowar, Arkadiusz

doi:10.15244/pjoes/83612

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…These are the input data that were used to calculate the profitability of using torrefied oat straw and straw from maize as additives to organic fertilizers. It is essential for the economy [40][41][42][43][44][45] of the overall torrefaction process that there is a high carbonization rate correlated with a low energy input for the process. Therefore, it was assumed that oat and maize straw use after the torrefaction process as additives for natural fertilizers should not exceed 50% of the mass reduction and the holding time to achieve it should be the lowest as possible.…”

Section: Mass Yield Energy Yield Volatile Fraction Higher Heating mentioning

confidence: 99%

Torrefaction of Straw from Oats and Maize for Use as a Fuel and Additive to Organic Fertilizers—TGA Analysis, Kinetics as Products for Agricultural Purposes

et al. 2020

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This publication presents research work which contains the optimum parameters of the agri-biomass: maize and oat straws torrefaction process. Parameters which are the most important for the torrefaction process and its products are temperature and residence time. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed as well as the torrefaction process using an electrical furnace on a laboratory scale at a temperature between 250-525 • C. These biomass torrefaction process parameters-residence time and temperature-were necessary to perform the design and construction of semi-pilot scale biomass torrefaction installations with a regimental dryer and a woody and agri-biomass regimental torrefaction reactor to perform a continuous torrefaction process using superheated steam. In the design installation the authors also focused on biochar, a bi-product of biofuel which will be used as an additive for natural bio-fertilizers. Kinetic analysis of torrefaction process using maize and oat straws was performed using NETZSCH Neo Kinetics software. It was found that kinetic analysis methods conducted with multiple heating rate experiments were much more efficient than the use of a single heating rate. The best representations of the experimental data for the straw from maize straw were found for the n-order reaction model. A thermogravimetric analysis, TG-MS analysis and VOC analysis combined with electrical furnace installation were performed on the maize and oat straw torrefaction process. The new approach in the work presented is different from that of current scientific achievements due to the fact that until now researchers have worked on performing processes on oat and maize straws by means of the torrefaction process for the production of a biochar as an additive for natural bio-fertilizers. None of them looked for economically reasonable mass loss ratios. In this work the authors made the assumption that a mass loss in the area of 45-50% is the most reasonable loss for the two mentioned agri-biomass processes. On this basis, a semi-pilot installation could be produced in a further BIOCARBON project step. The kinetic parameters which were calculated will be used to estimate the size of the apparatuses, the biomass dryer, and biomass torrefaction reactor.

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Section: Mass Yield Energy Yield Volatile Fraction Higher Heating mentioning

confidence: 99%

Torrefaction of Straw from Oats and Maize for Use as a Fuel and Additive to Organic Fertilizers—TGA Analysis, Kinetics as Products for Agricultural Purposes

et al. 2020

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“…Significant transformations in this matter took place in legal regulations and development programs in the area of agriculture, including the Common Agricultural Policy (Bureau and Swinnen 2018). The importance of sustainable development and low-carbon economy in the context of rural areas and agriculture is emphasized in the literature of the subject more and more often (Piwowar 2019b;Dzikuć et al 2019;Bastan et al 2018). This is particularly important in Poland due to the scale of agricultural activity (the area of agricultural land, livestock population, consumption of mineral fertilizers, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes and opinions of farmers in the context of environmental protection in rural areas in Poland

Piwowar

2020

Environ Monit Assess

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This paper presents results of questionnaire surveys regarding the state of the natural environment in rural areas. The research was conducted on a sample of 1101 agricultural holdings in Poland. According to the analyses, agricultural producers are aware of environmental threats posed by irrational agricultural economy. Most respondents indicated the responsibility of farmers and other residents of rural areas as a basic condition for broadly understood environmental safety in rural areas in Poland. In the opinion of respondents, systems and programs for funding the replacement of heating boilers, thermomodernization of buildings, etc., are also important. There were significant differences in farmers' declarations, taking into account the age and level of education of the respondents, as well as features of agricultural holdings (area and economic size of the agricultural holding).

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“…In literature on the subject, this problem is increasingly emphasized in relation to agricultural economy in Poland (Dzikuć et al, 2019;Lewandowska-Czarnecka et al, 2019;Wardal & Pawlak, 2019). There is a considerable need for analyses in this context which will allow identifying potential threats and highlighting the key areas for additional research and programs necessary for the development of low-carbon economy in relation to agriculture and rural areas (Wang et al, 2015;de Moraes Sá et al, 2017;Früh-Müller et al, 2019;Piwowar, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges associated with environmental protection in rural areas of Poland: Empirical studies’ results

Piwowar

2020

Economics &Amp; Sociology

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The paper focuses on important and topical issues of agricultural economy development within the paradigm of sustainable development and reorientation towards a low-carbon economy. The main purpose of this study is to identify the contemporary challenges in the field of environmental protection in rural areas of Poland. Specially designed survey of a large representative sample (random sampling) of Polish agricultural producers has been used. The study is based on the results of quantitative research (questionnaire surveys) carried out among 1101 agricultural holdings and a qualitative research carried out among 24 experts (professional agri-environmental advisors). The research shows that the main challenges in the investigated material and spatial scope include lowaltitude emissions and the issues associated with waste sorting. There was a significant variation in responses, taking into account the locations of agricultural holdings as well as characteristics of the respondents and farms. Independent experts indicated and assessed environmental threats in rural areas and classified the activities and implementations in the scope of pro-environmental innovation that may reduce the negative impact of agriculture on the natural environment in rural areas of Poland.

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Outline of Ecological and Economic Problems Associated with Low Emission Reductions in Poland’s Lubuskie Voivodeship

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

Torrefaction of Straw from Oats and Maize for Use as a Fuel and Additive to Organic Fertilizers—TGA Analysis, Kinetics as Products for Agricultural Purposes

Torrefaction of Straw from Oats and Maize for Use as a Fuel and Additive to Organic Fertilizers—TGA Analysis, Kinetics as Products for Agricultural Purposes

Attitudes and opinions of farmers in the context of environmental protection in rural areas in Poland

Challenges associated with environmental protection in rural areas of Poland: Empirical studies’ results

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