Outer skull landmark-based coordinates for measurement of cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure in rabbits

Marbacher, Serge; Milavec, Helena; Neuschmelting, Volker; Andereggen, Lukas; Erhardt, Salome; Fandiño, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.08.009

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…2. Make three round osteotomies (2 mm diameter) using a high-speed microdrill in the frontal part of the skull according to the outer skull landmarks (Figure 1) 9 , i.e., over the olfactory bulb and bilateral frontal for placement of a neuromonitoring device if necessary. Use a millimeter scale ruler to determine the coordinates for burr hole placement as follows: Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in the midpupillary line, one to two mm from the midsagittal line; intraparenchymal laser-Doppler probes four to five mm anterior and lateral to the bregma (Figure 1).…”

Section: Installation Of Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Blood Flomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, endovascular perforation is known to produce severe acute pathophysiological changes that partially mimic the symptoms of EBI 7 . This report describes a novel rabbit model of SAH designed to enable investigation of both EBI and DCVS, thereby allowing more accurate characterization of SAH-induced pathology [8][9][10] . With the described technique, the standard cisterna magna model is adapted by connecting the arterial system of the subclavian artery and the cisterna magna via an extracorporeal shunt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Rabbit Blood-shunt Model for the Study of Acute and Late Sequelae of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Technical Aspects

Andereggen

Neuschmelting

Gunten³

et al. 2014

JoVE

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Early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm both contribute to unfavorable outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Reproducible and controllable animal models that simulate both conditions are presently uncommon. Therefore, new models are needed in order to mimic human pathophysiological conditions resulting from SAH. This report describes the technical nuances of a rabbit blood-shunt SAH model that enables control of intracerebral pressure (ICP). An extracorporeal shunt is placed between the arterial system and the subarachnoid space, which enables examiner-independent SAH in a closed cranium. Step-by-step procedural instructions and necessary equipment are described, as well as technical considerations to produce the model with minimal mortality and morbidity. Important details required for successful surgical creation of this robust, simple and consistent ICP-controlled SAH rabbit model are described.

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Section: Installation Of Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Blood Flomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rabbit Blood-shunt Model for the Study of Acute and Late Sequelae of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Technical Aspects

Andereggen

Neuschmelting

Gunten³

et al. 2014

JoVE

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“…(2) In the second step, digital subtraction angiography of the basilar artery is performed by retrograde injection of contrast agent. (3) Then, the animal is repositioned (prone position), neuromonitoring probes are installed (according to outer skull landmarks [43]), and a spinal access needle is inserted into the cisterna magna. (4) In the final step, the spinal access needle and the subclavian artery are connected to a shunt.…”

Section: Detailed Description Of Sah Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rabbit Shunt Model of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

Marbacher

Nevzati

Croci

et al. 2014

Transl. Stroke Res.

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Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a disease with devastating complications that leads to stroke, permanent neurological deficits and death. Clinical and ex-perimental work has demonstrated the importance of the contribution of delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS) indepen-dent early events to mortality, morbidity and functional out-come after SAH. In order to elucidate processes involved in early brain injury (EBI), animal models that reflect acute events of aneurysmal bleeding, such as increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) and decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure, are needed. In the presented arterial shunt model, bleeding is initially driven by the pressure gradient between mean arterial blood pressure and ICP. SAH dynamics (flow rate, volume and duration) depend on physiological reactions and local anatomical intrathecal (cistern) conditions. During SAH, ICP reaches a plateau close to diastolic arterial blood pressure and the blood flow stops. Historical background, anaesthesia, perioperative care and monitoring, SAH induction, technical considerations and advantages and limitations of the rabbit blood shunt SAH model are discussed in detail. Awareness of technical details, physiological characteristics and appropriate monitoring methods guarantees successful implementation of the rabbit blood shunt model and allows the study of both EBI and DCVS after SAH.

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“…Parenchymal apoptosis and microthrombosis after aneurysmal SAH are considered to be mainly involved in EBI and contributing to DCI [10–12]. Although different animal models of SAH exist [9, 13–15], it is important to investigate the impact of microthrombosis and apoptosis on EBI in animal models that represent acute pathophysiological features of SAH such as the endovascular perforation models [16–19] or ICP controlled blood prechiasmatic injection [20]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three-way stopcock was used for blood pressure measurement and to control bleeding. Neuromonitoring including an ICP monitor catheter tip (OLM Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Kit, Camino, Model 110-4B, Camino Laboratories, San Diego, CA, USA) and two laser-Doppler flowmetry fine needle probes (MNP110XP, 0.48 mm diameter, Oxford Optronix Ltd., Oxford, UK) were positioned in the olfactory bulb and bilateral frontal lobe according to outer skull landmarks [9]. Standard cardiovascular monitoring (mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), heart rate, electrocardiogram, end-tidal CO 2 , and SaO 2 ) was performed at a sampling rate of 100 Hz (Datex S5 Monitor GE Medical Systems Switzerland, Glattbrugg, Switzerland), transferred via the analog output interface to an analog-digital converter/data logger, stored (Biopac MP100 and acknowledge version 3.8.1; BIOPAC Systems, Inc., Goleta, CA, USA), and processed for preanalysis using scripting software (Mathworks Inc, Natick, MA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Microclot Formation in an Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model in the Rabbit

Andereggen

Neuschmelting

Gunten³

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Background. Microvascular dysfunction and microthrombi formation are believed to contribute to development of early brain injury (EBI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Objective. This study aimed to determine (i) extent of microthrombus formation and neuronal apoptosis in the brain parenchyma using a blood shunt SAH model in rabbits; (ii) correlation of structural changes in microvessels with EBI characteristics. Methods. Acute SAH was induced using a rabbit shunt cisterna magna model. Extent of microthrombosis was detected 24 h post-SAH (n = 8) by fibrinogen immunostaining, compared to controls (n = 4). We assessed apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling (TUNEL) in cortex and hippocampus. Results. Our results showed significantly more TUNEL-positive cells (SAH: 115 ± 13; controls: 58 ± 10; P = 0.016) and fibrinogen-positive microthromboemboli (SAH: 9 ± 2; controls: 2 ± 1; P = 0.03) in the hippocampus after aneurysmal SAH. Conclusions. We found clear evidence of early microclot formation in a rabbit model of acute SAH. The extent of microthrombosis did not correlate with early apoptosis or CPP depletion after SAH; however, the total number of TUNEL positive cells in the cortex and the hippocampus significantly correlated with mean CPP reduction during the phase of maximum depletion after SAH induction. Both microthrombosis and neuronal apoptosis may contribute to EBI and subsequent DCI.

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Outer skull landmark-based coordinates for measurement of cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure in rabbits

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

The Rabbit Blood-shunt Model for the Study of Acute and Late Sequelae of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Technical Aspects

The Rabbit Blood-shunt Model for the Study of Acute and Late Sequelae of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Technical Aspects

The Rabbit Shunt Model of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

The Role of Microclot Formation in an Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model in the Rabbit

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