Outdoor air 1,3-butadiene monitoring near a petrochemical industry (Tarragona region) and in several Catalan urban areas using active multi-sorbent bed tubes and analysis through TD-GC/MS

Emission factor, relative ozone formation potential and relative carcinogenic risk assessment of VOCs emitted from manufacturing industries

“…benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) has been associated with toxicological effects such as depression, respiratory diseases, damage to the circulatory system and cancer [19][20][21][22]. Benzene, and 1, 3-butadiene have been identified as carcinogens [23], and well-known risk factors for various types of cancers [24]. The main carcinogenic risks are associated with the blood (leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), lung, liver and biliary tract cancer [25][26][27].…”

“…Their study indicated that the largest contributing groups among the measured VOCs were aromatics (51.9%) followed by alkanes (31.8%) and alkenes (16.3%). Aromatic compounds such as benzene has been found to be a common byproduct of the chemical manufacturing, petrochemical industries, production of xylene, toluene and other aromatic compounds, industrial solvent and printing sectors [23,24]. Yuan et al [29] identified alkanes and aromatic compounds as the most contributing groups in the printing sector.…”

Outdoor air 1,3-butadiene monitoring: Comparison of performance of Radiello® passive samplers and active multi-sorbent bed tubes

“…1,3-butadiene is an ubiquitous pollutant in the atmosphere which is emitted from several sources such as combustion of organic matter, residential heating, traffic or fuel distribution (Arayasiri et al, 2010;Aurell et al, 2017;Curren et al, 2006;Delgado-Saborit et al, 2011;Nagpure et al, 2016;Özkaynak et al, 2008;Sapkota and Buckley, 2003). Petrochemical industry processes, especially those occurring at manufacturing plants using or producing this compound (Axelsson et al, 2010;Bari and Kindzierski, 2017;European Communities, 2002;Liang et al, 2017;Mo et al, 2015;Myers et al, 2015) may result in significant fugitive and episodic emissions (Czader and Rappenglück, 2015;Gallego et al, 2018;Grant et al, 2007) that can be difficult to evaluate due to their intermittent nature (Chen et al, 2015). 1,3-butadiene is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) according to IARC (IARC, 2012, Simpson et al, 2013, can cause DNA damage (Ruchirawat et al, 2010), affects the hematopoietic system (Arayasiri et al, 2010), has been related to central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumours in children (PNET) (von Ehrenstein et al, 2016), and has been found to significantly contribute to estimated inhalation cancer risk worldwide (de Blas et al, 2012;Dhaini et al, 2017;Huy et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2011).…”

“…1,3-butadiene is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) according to IARC (IARC, 2012, Simpson et al, 2013, can cause DNA damage (Ruchirawat et al, 2010), affects the hematopoietic system (Arayasiri et al, 2010), has been related to central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumours in children (PNET) (von Ehrenstein et al, 2016), and has been found to significantly contribute to estimated inhalation cancer risk worldwide (de Blas et al, 2012;Dhaini et al, 2017;Huy et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2011). Additionally, 1,3-butadiene can contribute to high ozone concentration events as it is an important ozone precursor in the presence of NO x and solar radiation (Liang et al, 2017;Simpson et al, 2013).That is why air quality long-term evaluation (Gallego et al, 2018) must take this compound into account, especially because of its toxic properties (Mo et al, 2015).…”

“…In recent years, passive and active sampling methods have been used to determine 1,3butadiene levels in outdoor air (Gallego et al, 2018;Oliver et al, 2017;Sakurai et al, 2013;Strandberg et al, 2014;US EPA 2015a, 2015bVallencillos et al, 2018). Passive samplers are easy to operate, are generally low cost and do not need electricity supply.…”