“…1,3-butadiene is an ubiquitous pollutant in the atmosphere which is emitted from several sources such as combustion of organic matter, residential heating, traffic or fuel distribution (Arayasiri et al, 2010;Aurell et al, 2017;Curren et al, 2006;Delgado-Saborit et al, 2011;Nagpure et al, 2016;Özkaynak et al, 2008;Sapkota and Buckley, 2003). Petrochemical industry processes, especially those occurring at manufacturing plants using or producing this compound (Axelsson et al, 2010;Bari and Kindzierski, 2017;European Communities, 2002;Liang et al, 2017;Mo et al, 2015;Myers et al, 2015) may result in significant fugitive and episodic emissions (Czader and Rappenglück, 2015;Gallego et al, 2018;Grant et al, 2007) that can be difficult to evaluate due to their intermittent nature (Chen et al, 2015). 1,3-butadiene is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) according to IARC (IARC, 2012, Simpson et al, 2013, can cause DNA damage (Ruchirawat et al, 2010), affects the hematopoietic system (Arayasiri et al, 2010), has been related to central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumours in children (PNET) (von Ehrenstein et al, 2016), and has been found to significantly contribute to estimated inhalation cancer risk worldwide (de Blas et al, 2012;Dhaini et al, 2017;Huy et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2011).…”