Outcomes of Zone 3 Open Globe Injuries by Wound Extent

Prognostic Factors for Visual Outcomes in Open Globe Injury

“…In addition, Rofail et al 22 demonstrated that a laceration >19 mm had a 14 times higher risk of attaining a final VA of count fingers or worse compared with lacerations <5 mm. Recently, Bleicher et al 25 published similar findings, demonstrating that OGIs extending italic≥ 10 mm beyond the limbus result in significantly worse VA, as well as increased rates of RD, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, phthisis, enucleation, and need for keratoprosthesis.…”

Effect of Oral Prednisone on the Prevention and Management of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy After Open-Globe Injury

“…These findings correlate and agree well with the results in the existing literature, with multiple studies reporting that the presenting VA and the wound location both predict the prognosis. [27][28][29][30] We recognize the limitations of our singlecenter non randomized retrospective study with its relatively small sample. Inconsistent documentation of oral prednisone intake, with no mechanism to verify patients' adherence to therapy, was an additional barrier.…”

“…These findings correlate and agree well with the results in the existing literature, with multiple studies reporting that the presenting VA and the wound location both predict the prognosis. 27–30…”

Current perspectives on ocular trauma

“…[ 13 ] Among zone-3 (Z3) (trauma wound >5 mm from the limbus) OGIs, in the comparison of outcomes of anterior Z3 (aZ3) with that of posterior Z3 (pZ3, >10 mm from the limbus), poor anatomic outcome of occurrence of retinal detachment, phthisis, enucleation, and need for keratoprosthesis were significantly associated with pZ3 OGIs. [ 14 ] Low presenting visual acuity, large wound, globe perforation, relative afferent pupillary defect, retinal detachment, and vitreous hemorrhage were observed to be associated with no vision survival in males affected by workplace OGIs. [ 2 ] Posterior extension of the wound in OGI (pZ3) has been shown to be associated with higher retinal detachments and proliferative vitreoretinopathy, with resultant poor anatomic outcome as well.…”

“…[ 17 ] Evaluation by a vitreoretinal surgeon is recommended for all patients with severe OGI, especially those in OTS category 1. [ 14 16 ]…”