Outcomes of singleton and twin pregnancies complicated by pre‐existing diabetes and gestational diabetes: A population‐based study in Alberta, Canada, 2005–11

Abstract

Pre-existing diabetes confers higher risks than GDM. Diabetes is associated with adverse outcomes in singleton and twin pregnancies, and the increased risks are generally similar or less in twins, probably due to their higher "baseline" risks and closer clinical monitoring.

Gestational Diabetes: Screening, Management, Timing of Delivery

“…For women with GDM, the prevalence of LGA for normal weight and obese women was 13.6 and 22.3 %, respectively [18]. The excessive growth is disproportional and leads to large amounts of subcutaneous fat and broad shoulders which predispose them to shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus injury, fracture, and neonatal depression or cesarean delivery [19][20][21]. In one report, the prevalence of shoulder dystocia in GDM was 5.7 % [21].…”

“…Women with GDM are at higher risk of developing preeclampsia [21][22][23][24]. A significant association (OR 1.3-3.1) between second trimester insulin resistance and development of preeclampsia has been reported in several studies, and it may be prevented with treatment [22,16,[25][26][27].…”

“…GDM is associated with a higher risk for stillbirth [21,30]. This risk appears to be related primarily to poor glycemic control.…”

“…Studies on potential effect of GDM with poorly controlled glucose levels over neurodevelopmental sequelae in infants still have controversies because of the many potential confounding complications [35,36]. Women with GDM do not have increased risk of infants with congenital malformations because of the short duration of the disorder and late pregnancy onset [21].…”

Effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet plan on pregnancy outcome patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

“…In addition, for pregnant women, gestational diabetes is the primary cause of ketoacidosis. So, if a puerpera suffers from gestational diabetes, with or without symptoms of diabetes mellitus, blood sugar must be effectively controlled, so that the safety of mother and child is fully guaranteed (Agarwal et al, 2015;Lai et al, 2014).…”