“…These trauma-informed interventions create an environment of safety in which clients can address their problems with substance abuse while also learning about, and learning how to control, the impact of trauma on their functioning (Elliott et al, 2005). Studies of trauma-informed substance abuse treatment indicate that it can increase treatment engagement and reduce trauma symptoms, substance abuse, and recidivism, particularly for clients more affected by trauma (Amaro, Chernoff, Brown, Arevalo, & Gatz, 2007;Clark & Young, 2009;Farley et al, 2004;Hien et al, 2010;Jaycox, Ebener, Damesek, & Becker, 2004;McGovern, Lambert-Harris, Alterman, Xie, & Meier, 2011;Messina, Calhoun, & Braithwaite, 2014;Messina, Calhoun, & Warda, 2012;Messina, Grella, Cartier, & Torres, 2010;Saxena, Messina, & Grella, 2014;Torchalla, Nosen, Rostam, & Allen, 2012;van Dam et al, 2012).…”