Outcomes of long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation ablation: A systematic review

2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS Expert Consensus Statement on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Recommendations for Patient Selection, Procedural Techniques, Patient Management and Follow-up, Definitions, Endpoints, and Research Trial Design

“…253,436,507,508,622,623, 624,625,630,870,871,995,996,997,998,999,1000,1001,1002 Most of these tachycardias originate in the LA, although RA cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent flutters might also occur. Patients with a regular AT of new onset might complain of worsening symptoms due to a faster mean ventricular rate (frequently 2:1 ventricular response) than that during AF preablation.…”

EHRA/HRS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus on atrial cardiomyopathies: definition, characterization, and clinical implication

“…However, late recurrences are common and associated with more advanced atrial substrate associated with structural heart disease. [436][437][438][439][440][441][442][443][444][445][446] It is in this context that it is important to consider the various types of underlying atrial cardiomyopathy and how they may affect ablation outcomes. This is timely, as it has recently been observed that lone AF is a rapidly disappearing entity as we recognize conditions such as sleep apnoea, obesity, endurance exercise etc.…”

The National Heart Foundation of Australia Consensus Statement on Catheter Ablation as a Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation

“…11 Several other ablation strategies may be used in patients with persistent AF, but their utility is still the subject of ongoing evaluation. 11 These include various forms of substrate modification using either linear ablation (joining anatomical structures) or electrogram-based strategies (with a view to potentially identifying sources maintaining AF). Regardless of the approach, there is an emphasis on achieving complete lesions with electrophysiologically proven end points.…”

“…Ablation techniques and their role in patients with persistent AF are under ongoing evaluation. 11 Ablation for patients with longlasting persistent AF (at least 12 months of continuous AF) has been less successful.…”