Outcomes of COVID‐19 infection in pediatric pulmonary hypertension: A single‐center experience

Morales-Demori, Raysa; Mallory, G.B.; Chartan, Corey; Coleman, Ryan; Ruiz, Fadel; Villafranco, Natalie; Whalen, Elise; Varghese, Nidhy P.

doi:10.1002/ppul.25650

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There have been some previous reports of pulmonary hypertension in pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection ( 4 – 6 ). Olfe et al reported a 16-old-year patient with pulmonary hypertension and underlying mitral valve disease ( 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Olfe et al reported a 16-old-year patient with pulmonary hypertension and underlying mitral valve disease ( 4 ). Morales-Demori et al reported on the status of COVID-19 morbidity in a pediatric pulmonary hypertension center ( 6 ). They found that of 23 children with COVID-19, 8 were hospitalized and that 3 of these patients required an intensification of targeted pulmonary hypertension therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A case report of a child with pulmonary hypertension associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Okunushi,

Kobayashi,

Yoh

et al. 2024

Front. Pediatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We encountered a pediatric case of pulmonary hypertension triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A 14-year-old girl was brought to the emergency department of our hospital with fever, respiratory distress, and impaired consciousness. She tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 upon a polymerase chain reaction examination and had prolonged hypoxemia without pneumonia. An echocardiography revealed elevated right ventricular pressure. She was diagnosed with pilocytic astrocytoma at the age of 10 years and underwent a resection of a pituitary tumor. Hormone replacement therapy was administered postoperatively, but her growth hormones were not activated because of concerns about tumor recurrence. Echocardiography at the age of 13 years showed normal right ventricular pressure. On admission, she had an abnormal liver function, elevated liver fibrosis markers, a decreased platelet count, and hepatosplenomegaly, suggesting pulmonary and portal hypertension. The diagnosis was pulmonary hypertension associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mechanism of the pulmonary hypertension was thought to be portal hypertension owing to growth hormone deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient's symptoms improved with oxygenation and bed rest without additional targeted pulmonary hypertension therapy, and her right ventricular pressure decreased. This case demonstrates that a pediatric patient with subclinical pulmonary hypertension may develop pulmonary hypertension triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case report of a child with pulmonary hypertension associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Okunushi,

Kobayashi,

Yoh

et al. 2024

Front. Pediatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…COVID-19 vaccines are advocated in adult patients with PH. The global COVID-19 pandemic is of particular concern to PH children due to immature immune systems and developmental comorbidities ( 18 ). However, data on the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in PH children are unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccination for children with pulmonary hypertension: efficacy, safety and reasons for opting against vaccination

Zhang,

Wang,

Zuo

et al. 2023

Front. Pediatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveTo determine the reasons why pulmonary hypertension (PH) children refused vaccination against COVID-19, evaluate the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine in PH children.Study designThis retrospective cohort study included congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia associated PH (BPD-PH) children who were divided into vaccinated group and non-vaccinated group. Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the reasons why PH children refused COVID-19 vaccine. Then, the prevalence, the number of symptoms, and the severity of COVID-19 disease were compared between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups.ResultWe included 73 children and 61 children (83.6%) were unvaccinated. The main reasons for not being vaccinated were fear of worsening of existing diseases (31%). Age < 36 months (RR: 0.012; P < 0.001) and the presence of comorbidities (RR = 0.06; P = 0.023) were risk factors influencing willingness to vaccinate. The most common adverse events (AEs) were injection site pain (29.6%). COVID-19 vaccines are safe for PH children. The prevalence of COVID-19 disease decreased in PH children after vaccination (RR = 0.51; P = 0.009). 1 month after negative nucleic acid test or negative antigen test, PH children in the vaccinated group had fewer symptoms (P = 0.049).ConclusionsThe vaccination rate of COVID-19 vaccine is low in CHD-PAH and BPD-PH children while COVID-19 vaccines are safe. Vaccination can reduce the prevalence of COVID-19 disease and the number of symptoms 1 month after negative nucleic acid or antigen tests.

show abstract

“…A case report described ventilation-perfusion inhomogeneities as possible causes of dyspnea in children and adolescents after COVID-19 ( 10 ). In a cohort of four pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension, Morales-Demori et al observed a mild decrease in lung function in three patients following SARS-CoV-2 infection ( 11 ). An Italian study examined the cardiopulmonary function of 115 athletes, most who were adolescents, after mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection before resuming sports activities and found slightly better FVC in mildly symptomatic rather than asymptomatic participants ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Function and Long-Term Respiratory Symptoms in Children and Adolescents After COVID-19

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundPersistent respiratory symptoms after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in adults are frequent, and there can be long-term impairment of pulmonary function. To date, only preliminary evidence is available on persistent respiratory sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents. Our objective was to examine the long-term effects of symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections on pulmonary function in this age group in a single-center, controlled, prospective study.MethodsParticipants with serological or polymerase chain reaction-based evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited from a population-based study of seroconversion rates. Multiple-breath washout (MBW), body plethysmography, and diffusion capacity testing were performed for children and adolescents. Participants were interviewed about their symptoms during the acute phase of infection and long-lasting symptoms. Cases were compared with SARS-CoV-2 seronegative controls from the same population-based study with and without history of respiratory infection within 6 months prior to assessment. Primary endpoints were differences in pulmonary function, including diffusion capacity and MBW, between participants with and without evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Secondary endpoints included correlation between lung function and long-lasting symptoms as well as disease severity.FindingsIn total, 73 seropositive children and adolescents (5–18 years) were recruited after an average of 2.6 months (range 0.4–6.0) following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among 19 patients (27.1%) who complained of persistent or newly emerged symptoms since SARS-CoV-2, 8 (11.4%) reported respiratory symptoms. No significant differences were detected in frequency of abnormal pulmonary function when comparing cases with 45 controls, including 14 (31.1%) with a history of previous infection (SARS-CoV-2: 12, 16.4%; controls: 12, 27.7%; odds ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.22–1.34). Only two patients with persistent respiratory symptoms showed abnormal pulmonary function. Multivariate analysis revealed reduced forced vital capacity (p = 0.012) in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.InterpretationPulmonary function is rarely impaired in children and adolescents after SARS-CoV-2 infection, except from those with severe infection, and did not differ between SARS-CoV-2 and other previous infections, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 is not more likely to cause pulmonary sequelae than other infections. The discrepancy between persisting respiratory symptoms and normal pulmonary function suggests a different underlying pathology such as dysfunctional breathing.

show abstract

Outcomes of COVID‐19 infection in pediatric pulmonary hypertension: A single‐center experience

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

A case report of a child with pulmonary hypertension associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection

A case report of a child with pulmonary hypertension associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection

COVID-19 vaccination for children with pulmonary hypertension: efficacy, safety and reasons for opting against vaccination

Pulmonary Function and Long-Term Respiratory Symptoms in Children and Adolescents After COVID-19

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About