Outcomes in Patients with pT1-T2, pN0-N1 Breast Cancer After Conservative Surgery and Whole-breast Radiotherapy

Intraoperative diagnosis of early lymphatic metastasis using neodymium-based rare-earth NIR-II fluorescence nanoprobe

“…4 However, excessive ALND may induce a number of complications, such as lymphedema, axillary web syndrome, and upper limb movement range reduction, which seriously affect the postoperative quality of life of patients. 5 To minimize the incidence of lymphatic metastasis during tumor resection, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is essential for evaluating the presence of early metastases in sentinel lymph nodes, the rst lymph node that tumor cells drain into. [6][7][8] Following the results of the SLNB, ALND is performed only in patients who test positive for metastases in the SLNs, consequently reducing the occurrence of excessive ALND and its subsequent complications.…”