“…Besides, the majority of these trials do not report intracranial efficacy and other outcomes stratified by the presence or absence of BMs. As a result, our current understanding of the efficacy and safety of ICIs in BMs in NSCLC have primarily been derived from the single-arm phase 1–2 trials [ 17 , 18 ], expanded access programs [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], post hoc/pooled analyses of clinical trials [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], and retrospective series [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”