Outcomes from a Canadian Public Health Prenatal Screening Program for Hepatitis B

Plitt, Sabrina S.; Somily, Ali M.; Singh, Ameeta E.

doi:10.1007/bf03403711

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…This rate is lower than those reported in two other studies (7.4% in Korea in 2008 [21] and 2.1% in Canada in 2007 [22]) and similar to that of another study (1.54% in China in 2013 [16]).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Survey of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission after Korean National Prevention Program in a tertiary hospital

Kim

Lee

et al. 2014

Korean J Intern Med

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Background/AimsThe Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in South Korea have been organizing hepatitis B virus (HBV) vertical infection prevention projects since July 2002. In this single-institute study, the results of surveys conducted in target mothers who delivered babies in a tertiary hospital were investigated and analyzed.MethodsOf the 9,281 mothers and their 9,824 neonates born between July 2002 and December 2012, 308 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers and their 319 neonates were selected for this study, and their records were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsA total of 308 mothers were HBsAg-positive, with an HBV prevalence of 3.32% (308/9,281). There were 319 neonates born to these HBsAg-positive mothers, and 252 were confirmed to as either HBsAg-positive or -negative. Four were confirmed as HBsAg-positive, with a 1.59% (4/252) HBV vertical infection rate. All the mothers of neonates who had an HBV vertical infection were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive. Among the HBsAg-positive neonates, three were HBeAg-positive and had an HBV DNA titer of 1.0 × 108 copies/mL.ConclusionsThe HBV prevalence of mothers was 3.32% (308/9,281), and their vertical infection rate was 1.59% (4/252). Thus, the South Korean HBV vertical infection prevention projects are effective, and, accordingly, HBV prevalence in South Korea is expected to decrease continuously.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Survey of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission after Korean National Prevention Program in a tertiary hospital

Kim

Lee

et al. 2014

Korean J Intern Med

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“…The fact that these children did not receive HBIG may have contributed to the breakthrough, even though the additional effect of HBIG to active vaccination has not been fully established [54] . It is widely accepted and recommended that the most efficient precaution for prevention of perinatal HBV transmission is screening pregnant women for HBsAg and the immediate administration of one infant dose of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) along with the first hepatitis B vaccine dose within 12 hours after birth, followed by the second and the third vaccine dose at 1 and 6 month of age [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subgenotypes and Mutations in the S and Polymerase Genes of Hepatitis B Virus Carriers in the West Bank, Palestine

et al. 2014

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The mutation rate and genetic variability of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are crucial factors for efficient treatment and successful vaccination against HBV. Until today, genetic properties of this virus among the Palestinian population remain unknown. Therefore, we performed genetic analysis of the overlapping S and polymerase genes of HBV, isolated from 40 Palestinian patients' sera. All patients were HBsAg positive and presented with a viral load above 105 HBV genome copies/ml. The genotyping results of the S gene demonstrated that HBV D1 was detected in 90% of the samples representing the most prominent subgenotype among Palestinians carrying HBV. Various mutations existed within the S gene; in five patients four known escape mutations including the common G145R and D144E were found. Furthermore, a ratio of 4.25 of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations in the S gene indicated a strong selection pressure on the HBs antigen loops of HBV strains circulating in those Palestinian patients. Although all patients were treatment-naïve, with the exception of one, several mutations were found in the HBV polymerase gene, but none pointed to drug resistance. The study presented here is the first report to address subgenotypes and mutation analyses of HBV S and polymerase genes in Palestine.

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“…Between 2000 and 2005, there were 1253 pregnant women identified as being HBsAg positive. Although we were not able to determine the number of infants who received immunoprophylaxis or underwent follow‐up for the entire study period, our previous data reported that 82% of infants between 2002 and 2004 received complete immunoprophylaxis and follow‐up serology [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is unclear whether these same patterns are seen among the mothers of infants failing HBV prophylaxis in Alberta. In a recent evaluation of the Alberta Hepatitis B prenatal screening programme it was noted that 2.1% of infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers with complete vaccination and follow-up failed vaccination and became infected with HBV [17]. To better understand the reasons for this vaccine failure, we conducted a case-control study to determine factors associated with HBV vaccine failure and perinatal transmission of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with vaccine failure and vertical transmission of hepatitis B among a cohort of Canadian mothers and infants

Singh

Plitt

Osiowy³

et al. 2010

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to occur despite immunoprophylaxis. We examined maternal factors contributing to transmission in infants receiving adequate immunoprophylaxis in Alberta, Canada. Prenatal specimens from HBsAg-positive women whose babies developed HBV infection despite immunoprophylaxis (cases) and HBsAg-positive mothers whose babies did not (controls) were tested for HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA. Specimens with detectable DNA underwent HBV genotyping. Routinely collected surveillance data and laboratory test results were compared between cases and controls. Twelve cases and 52 controls were selected from a provincial registry from 2000 to 2005. At the time of prenatal screening, median maternal age was 31 years [interquartile range (IQR): 27.5-34.5], and median gestational age was 12 weeks (IQR 10.0-15.5). Cases were more likely than controls to test positive for HBeAg (77.8% vs. 23.1%; P < 0.05). Of all mothers with detectable viral load (n = 51), cases had a significantly higher median viral load than did controls (5.6 × 10(8) IU/mL vs. 1750 IU/mL, P < 0.0001). Of the two cases who were HBeAg negative, one had an undetectable viral load 8 months prior to delivery and a sP120T mutation. The viral load in the other case was 14,000 IU/mL. The majority of isolates were genotype B (31.3%) and C (31.3%) with no significant differences in genotype between cases or controls. In this case-control study, transmission of HBV to infants was more likely to occur in mothers positive for HBeAg and with high HBV DNA.

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Outcomes from a Canadian Public Health Prenatal Screening Program for Hepatitis B

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Survey of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission after Korean National Prevention Program in a tertiary hospital

Survey of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission after Korean National Prevention Program in a tertiary hospital

Subgenotypes and Mutations in the S and Polymerase Genes of Hepatitis B Virus Carriers in the West Bank, Palestine

Factors associated with vaccine failure and vertical transmission of hepatitis B among a cohort of Canadian mothers and infants

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