Outcomes among trauma patients with duodenal leak following primary versus complex repair of duodenal injuries: An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter trial

Abstract

Complex repairs with adjunctive measures(CRAM) of duodenal injuries did not prevent leaks and did not reduce adverse sequelae when leaks did occur. This suggests CRAM is not a protective repair strategy and primary repair alone(PRA) should be pursued for all injuries if feasible.