“…Alcohol and nicotine abuse data were available in 37 and 23 studies, respectively. Seventy-nine per cent ( N = 886) of patients had a history of heavy chronic alcohol use 6 , 8 , 15 , 17–25 , 28–39 , 41–44 , 46–49 , 51–55 , and 83 per cent ( N = 595) were smokers 8 , 19 , 20 , 24 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 34–36 , 38 , 39 , 41–44 , 46–49 , 52 , 54 , 55 . Table 1 summarizes the baseline characteristics of the included studies.…”