Outcome of ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation for treatment of congenital internal hydrocephalus in dogs and cats: 36 cases (2001–2009)

Biel, Miriam; Krämer, Martin; Forterre, Franck; Jurina, Konrad; Lautersack, O.; Failing, Klaus; Schmidt, Martin J.

doi:10.2460/javma.242.7.948

Cited by 42 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Twenty-two percent of the animals developed postoperative complications, and 36% of the animals died of hydrocephalus-related complications or were euthanized. 27 As in people, this study found that most complications were seen within a few months following surgical intervention. In another study of 14 dogs, ventriculoperitoneal shunting was successful in improving neurologic signs in most dogs, and postoperative complications were seen in 29% of the patients; but these complications could be addressed either medically or surgically.…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 92%

“…[26][27][28][29] In one recent veterinary study evaluating 36 cases of congenital hydrocephalus in dogs and cats, it was found that there was an overall improvement in clinical signs in 72% of the animals. Twenty-two percent of the animals developed postoperative complications, and 36% of the animals died of hydrocephalus-related complications or were euthanized.…”

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Congenital Hydrocephalus

Estey¹

2016

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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There are several types of hydrocephalus, which are characterized based on the location of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation. Physical features of animals with congenital hydrocephalus may include a dome-shaped skull, persistent fontanelle, and bilateral ventrolateral strabismus. Medical therapy involves decreasing the production of CSF. The most common surgical treatment is placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Postoperative complications may include infection, blockage, drainage abnormalities, and mechanical failure.

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Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Hydrocephalus

Estey¹

2016

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice

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“…Complication rates of 29 per cent are reported within the veterinary literature 22. These complications are usually associated with an acute deterioration of neurological signs and are most commonly seen within three months postoperatively 24. In the human literature, incidence of complication after ventriculoperitoneal shunting is 24 per cent 25…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supracollicular fluid accumulation type 3 with concurrent hydrocephalus in a five‐month‐old crossbreed dog

Martin

Shivapour²,

Beltrán³

2019

Vet Record Case Reports

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A five-month-old crossbreed dog was referred with a 36-hour history of cervical hyperaesthesia. CT and MRI of the head and neck identified supracollicular fluid accumulation type 3 with concurrent hydrocephalus, syringohydromyelia and cerebellar herniation. Medical treatment consisting of analgesia and mannitol was instigated, and once the patient was stabilised a supracollicular-peritoneal shunt system was placed. The patient initially responded very well to this treatment. Six days postoperatively, the patient sustained disconnection of the shunt system at the level of the pressure valve and distal shunt tubing. Revision surgery to repair the shunt was performed without further complication. The dog returned to being neurologically normal within four weeks. One year postoperatively, the patient remains neurologically normal with no further clinical signs nor shunt system complications.

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“…Recent veterinary studies have reported complication rates of 22%, 25% and 29%. 9–11 In one study, shunt occlusion and infection occurred in 11% and 8.5% of animals, respectively, 9 although the patient numbers were vastly lower than those in human studies. Retrograde migration of the peritoneal catheter (PC) to the ventricle, the subgaleal space and the subcutaneous tissues of the head, neck and chest, often with coiling of the catheter in areas of loose skin, has been described in several human case reports, 12–25 although this remains a much less common mechanical complication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Retrograde migration and subcutaneous coiling of the peritoneal catheter of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a cat

Bennett

Behr

2016

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summary Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement is the most commonly utilised surgical treatment for hydrocephalus in human and veterinary patients. Migration of the peritoneal catheter is an uncommon but well-documented complication in people, usually occurring within the first 3 months postoperatively, although only a single feline case report exists. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed in a domestic shorthair cat, aged 4 years and 10 months, following a diagnosis, with MRI, of unilateral, non-communicating hydrocephalus. Diarrhoea, increased vocalisation and pruritus were reported within the first 3 months postoperatively. A shunt-associated seroma developed, which was aspirated under ultrasound guidance. Within 3 days, the entire peritoneal catheter was subcutaneously coiled at the level of the seroma. The peritoneal catheter was replaced within the abdomen via a new subcutaneous tunnel. No further complications had occurred 24 months following revision surgery.Relevance and novel information This is the second report describing peritoneal catheter migration in a cat. Repetitive head and neck movements during self-grooming, raised intra-abdominal pressure secondary to vocalisation and tenesmus, and negative pressure exerted during seroma aspiration may have contributed to ventriculoperitoneal shunt migration. Excessive loose skin and increased activity may further increase the risk of migration in cats. Diagnostic imaging should be offered prior to and following aspiration of shunt-associated swellings, and minimal negative pressure should be exerted. Attempts to reduce the frequency of postoperative self-grooming, prevention and prompt treatment of conditions predisposing to raised intra-abdominal pressure and moderate exercise restriction, particularly within the first 3 months, may help reduce the risk of peritoneal catheter migration.

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Outcome of ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation for treatment of congenital internal hydrocephalus in dogs and cats: 36 cases (2001–2009)

Cited by 42 publications

References 60 publications

Congenital Hydrocephalus

Congenital Hydrocephalus

Supracollicular fluid accumulation type 3 with concurrent hydrocephalus in a five‐month‐old crossbreed dog

Retrograde migration and subcutaneous coiling of the peritoneal catheter of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in a cat

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