Outcome of Percutaneous coronary intervention and associated factors among patients with coronary artery disease in selected public hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022; A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Percutaneous coronary intervention is a non-surgical, invasive revascularization procedure of relieving the narrowing or occlusion of the coronary artery and improving blood supply to the ischemic tissue. However, in Ethiopia, limited numbers of research regarding outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention, and most of them lack representativeness. Objectives The aim of this study is to assess the outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention and associated factors among patients with coronary artery disease in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 up to September 2021 GC in the coronary unit of the selected public and private hospitals. Records of patients from the coronary cardiac unit (n = 408) were reviewed and the sample size was allocated proportionally and subjects were selected by using a simple random sampling technique. The data were abstracted using a checklist and entered into Epi Data manager version 4.6 and statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 25. The strength of association was assessed using odds ratio and Variables that had a value of P ≤ 0.25 on bivariable analysis were directly forward to be analyzed by multivariable analysis then having P-values < 0.05 is considered as statistically significant. Result Out of 422 charts,408 were reviewed with a response rate of 96%, prevalence of procedure-related complications was 18.4%. Being male (AOR = 6.5295%CI:2.41–17.66), diabetes mellites patients (AOR = 2.1795%CI:1.17–4.03), being chronic kidney disease patient (AOR = 3.53, 95%CI:1.37–9.08), having a history of smoking (AOR = 3.69 95%CI:1.77–7.68), radial access (AOR = 0.38,95%CI:0.15–0.99), having ejection fraction of < 30%(AOR = 3.8595%CI:1.47–10.08), from31-40%(AOR = 3.68,95%CI:1.56–8.69) respectively were significantly associated with the outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention. Conclusion This study shows that percutaneous coronary intervention in spite of a low mortality rate, complications remain a concern. It is crucial to conduct further studies to identify other keys to determine percutaneous coronary intervention that might be better to conduct a prospective study with better investigation tools.