Outcome of Children With Retinoblastoma and Isolated Choroidal Invasion

Abstract

Survival was excellent without adjuvant therapy, and no other factors correlated with survival. Children with massive invasion have a higher relapse rate but comparable survival to those with focal invasion provided that aggressive therapy for extraocular relapse is available with adequate safety conditions.

High-resolution MRI using orbit surface coils for the evaluation of metastatic risk factors in 143 children with retinoblastoma

“…In a recent study, Bosaleh et al showed that event-free survival probability was good for children with focal choroidal invasion (99.2 %) and statistically significantly worse for children with massive choroidal invasion. Therefore, this differentiation is clinically valuable, and it should be considered in the interpretation of MR images of the orbit in children with retinoblastoma [16].…”

“…In vivo pretherapeutic confirmation or exclusion of metastatic risk factors (postlaminar optic nerve infiltration, choroidal invasion, peribulbar fat invasion) and trilateral retinoblastoma manifestation (trilateral retinoblastoma) is crucial due to diverging therapeutic regimen [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. It has been shown before that MRI is superior to CT in the evaluation of these risk factors [1,17] due to its higher tissue contrast and should therefore be the first-line imaging technique in children with retinoblastoma.…”

Comparison of Staging Systems for Extraocular Retinoblastoma

“…Both were previously identified as risk factors for extraocular relapse. 21,22 PLONI was also identified as an unequivocal risk by some groups, 23,24 but it is omitted by the SJCRH system for staging. The effect of this omission in our population was less evident because we used the presence of PLONI as an indication for adjuvant chemotherapy, which led to excellent survival in our population.…”

High-resolution MRI using orbit surface coils for the evaluation of metastatic risk factors in 143 children with retinoblastoma

“…Evaluation of metastatic risk factors (postlaminar optic nerve infiltration, choroidal invasion, scleral invasion, and peribulbar fat invasion) and cerebral retinoblastoma manifestation (trilateral retinoblastoma) is crucial in these children due to diverging therapeutic regimen [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

“…Bosaleh et al showed that event-free survival probability was high for children with only focal choroidal invasion (99.2 %), whereas it was statistically significantly lower in those with massive choroidal invasion (94.2 %) [11]. Therefore, this differentiation is clinically valuable and helpful for therapeutic planning.…”