Outcome measures to assess walking ability following stroke: a systematic review of the literature

Mudge, Suzie; Stott, N. Susan

doi:10.1016/j.physio.2006.12.010

Cited by 75 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…As many of the questionnairebased outcome measures currently employed in rehabilitation do not fully encompass all activities of daily living [6], a potential role exists for activity measurement as an outcome measure in rehabilitation [7] and as a tool to aid compliance with activity prescription [8][9]. Specific performance-based laboratory tests that explore the functional consequences of disability in free living have been recommended; thus, a need exists to accurately quantify mobility testing with objective measures of activity within the laboratory and to assess how these relate to activity assessment in free living [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construct validity of RT3 accelerometer: A comparison of level-ground and treadmill walking at self-selected speeds

Hendrick¹,

Boyd²,

Low³

et al. 2010

JRRD

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Abstract-This study examined differences in accelerometer output when subjects walked on level ground and on a treadmill. We asked 25 nondisabled participants to wear an RT3 triaxial accelerometer (StayHealthy, Inc; Monrovia, California) and walk at their "normal" and "brisk" walking speeds for 10 minutes. These activities were repeated on a treadmill using the individual speeds from level-ground walking on two occasions 1 week apart. Paired t-tests found a difference in RT3 accelerometer vector magnitude (VM) counts/min between the two walking speeds on both surfaces on days 1 and 2 (p < 0.001). Although we found no significant differences between VM counts/min on the two surfaces at normal and brisk speeds on days 1 and 2 (p > 0.05), we found wide limits of agreement between level ground and treadmill walking at both speeds. Measurement and discrimination of walking intensity employing RT3 accelerometer VM counts/min on the treadmill demonstrated reasonable validity and stability over two time points compared with level-ground walking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construct validity of RT3 accelerometer: A comparison of level-ground and treadmill walking at self-selected speeds

Hendrick¹,

Boyd²,

Low³

et al. 2010

JRRD

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“…Outcomes were gait velocity (m/s) and cadence (steps per minute) measured during a timed 10-m walk. Such measures have robust psychometric properties (Mudge and Stott, 2007). Demographic details were collected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mixed methods service evaluation of a pilot functional electrical stimulation clinic for the correction of dropped foot in patients with chronic stroke

Shiels

Wilkie

Bulley

et al. 2011

Prim Health Care Res Dev

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Aim: To undertake a service evaluation of the pilot Lothian functional electrical stimulation (FES) clinic using both quantitative and qualitative methods and clinical practice reflection. Background: Clinical guidelines recommend that FES, for the management of dropped foot after stroke, is delivered by a specialist team. However, little detail is provided about the structure and composition of the specialist team or model of service delivery. A pilot Lothian FES clinic was developed to explore the clinical value of providing such a service to stroke patients with dropped foot and identify any service modifications. Methods: Mixed methods were used to evaluate the service and included quantitative, qualitative and reflective components. Phase 1: Before and after service evaluation of patients attending the FES clinic between 2003 and 2007. Outcomes of gait velocity and cadence were recorded at initial clinic appointment and 6 months after application of FES. Phase 2: Qualitative research exploring patients with stroke and carers' experiences of the FES clinic. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews. Phase 3: A reflection on the service delivery model. Participants: Phase 1: 40 consecutive out-patients with stroke; Phase 2: 13 outpatients with stroke and 9 carers; Phase 3: Three specialist physiotherapists engaged in running the FES clinic. Findings: Statistically significant improvements (p , 0.001) were demonstrated in gait velocity and cadence. Qualitatively, one super-ordinate theme 'The FES clinic met my needs' emerged. Within this were four sub-themes, namely 1. 'Getting to grips with FES wasn't difficult'; 2. 'It's great to know they're there'; 3. 'Meeting up with others really helps' and 4. 'The service is great but could be better'. On reflection, minor modifications were made to the service delivery model but overall the service met user needs. This dedicated FES clinic produced positive physical outcomes and met the needs of this chronic stroke population.

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“…Outcome measures included a battery of standardised, published, validated measures to encompass the areas of interest including; a timed 10 metre walk test, which tested gait velocity and cadence [Mudge and Stott, 2007]; Functional Ambulatory Classification (FAC) on a scale of one to six measuring mobility independence [Holden et al, 1984;Holden, Gill and Magliozzi, 1986]; Stroke Impact Scale (SIS) measuring participation [Duncan et al, 1999] and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) measuring patients' perception of change in walking.…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients walked at a self-selected pace using walking aids as required but with no physical assistance. It has previously been demonstrated that these measures are valid and reliable for use within stroke populations [Mudge and Stott, 2007]. The FAC classifies the level of ambulation into six categories.…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A feasibility study to investigate the clinical application of functional electrical stimulation (FES), for dropped foot, during the sub-acute phase of stroke – A randomized controlled trial

Salisbury

Shiels

Todd

et al. 2012

Physiotherapy Theory and Practice

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Outcome measures to assess walking ability following stroke: a systematic review of the literature

Cited by 75 publications

References 84 publications

Construct validity of RT3 accelerometer: A comparison of level-ground and treadmill walking at self-selected speeds

Construct validity of RT3 accelerometer: A comparison of level-ground and treadmill walking at self-selected speeds

A mixed methods service evaluation of a pilot functional electrical stimulation clinic for the correction of dropped foot in patients with chronic stroke

A feasibility study to investigate the clinical application of functional electrical stimulation (FES), for dropped foot, during the sub-acute phase of stroke – A randomized controlled trial

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