Outcome in excised thymomas: role of prognostic factors and impact of additional malignancies on survival

Granato, Felice; Blackhall, Vivienne; Ricco, Alessandra; Spina, Donatella; Luca, V. De; Piero, P; Mohiyaddin, Syed; Asif, Mohammed; Kirk, Alan; Gotti, G.

doi:10.1177/0036933013518147

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This study showed that high PD-L1 expression in thymoma was significantly associated with WHO type B2/B3 thymoma. The WHO classification predicts thymoma prognosis as well as Masaoka stage, and some studies reported that type B2/B3 thymoma is associated with a worse prognosis than type A/AB/B1 [17]. These results might support the association between high PD-L1 expression and worse prognosis in thymoma.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 73%

Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Implications of Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Thymoma

Yokoyama

Miyoshi

Nishi

et al. 2016

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 73%

Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Implications of Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Thymoma

Yokoyama

Miyoshi

Nishi

et al. 2016

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery

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“…These have demonstrated an essential role for αβ-T, γδ-Τ, NK, NK-T, B cells, eosinophils, and Tregs (adverse), as well as for IFNγ, perforin, IL-12, NKG2D, TRAIL, TNFα, and DNAM-1 in cancer prevention [112]. At the clinical level, evidence about effective immunity against pulmonary malignancies comes from (i) the 3.5-fold increased incidence of lung adenocarcinomas in AIDS patients compared to age- and smoking-matched immunocompetent subjects [113, 114]; (ii) the 2–2.5-fold increased incidence and high lethality of lung (among other) cancers in immunosuppressed kidney and heart transplant recipients [115-117]; (iii) the increased incidence of lung (among other) secondary cancers in thymoma patients [118], especially of the cortical subtype [119], which are associated with cellular immunodeficiency [120, 121]; (iv) the occurrence of cerebellar degeneration and other autoimmune disorders in lung cancer patients due to cross-reaction between tumor and normal tissue antigens [122]; and (v) the occasional spontaneous regression of small- and non-small-cell lung cancers [123, 124]. From the host’s standpoint, anti-tumor responses can be collectively viewed as a “cancer immunity cycle” that comprises an afferent (recognition) and an efferent (effector) limb, and is carried out by the innate and adaptive systems in concert [125].…”

Section: Immunopathogenesis Of Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Modulation in Lung Cancer: Current Concepts and Future Strategies

Gaissmaier

Christopoulos

2020

Respiration

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Cancer immunotherapy represents the most dynamic field of biomedical research currently, with thoracic immuno-oncology as a forerunner. PD-(L)1 inhibitors are already part of standard first-line treatment for both non-small-cell and small-cell lung cancer, while unprecedented 5-year survival rates of 15–25% have been achieved in pretreated patients with metastatic disease. Evolving strategies are mainly aiming for improvement of T-cell function, increase of immune activation in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and supply of tumor-reactive lymphocytes. Several novel therapeutics have demonstrated preclinical efficacy and are increasingly used in rational combinations within clinical trials. Two overarching trends dominate: extension of immunotherapy to earlier disease stages, mainly as neoadjuvant treatment, and a shift of focus towards multivalent, individualized, mutatome-based antigen-specific modalities, mainly adoptive cell therapies and cancer vaccines. The former ensures ample availability of treated and untreated patient samples, the latter facilitates deeper mechanistic insights, and both in combination build an overwhelming force that is accelerating progress and driving the greatest revolution cancer medicine has seen so far. Today, immune modulation represents the most potent therapeutic modality in oncology, the most important topic in clinical and translational cancer research, and arguably our greatest, meanwhile justified hope for achieving cure of pulmonary neoplasms and other malignancies in the next future.

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“…These variables were Masaoka-Koga stage, histology, MG, and second malignancies. Only Masaoka-Koga stage has been demonstrated to be a strong prognostic indicator of survival (16,17).…”

Section: Prognostic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coincidence of thymoma and breast cancer and in a 56-year-old female patient

Athanasiou¹,

Michalopoulou-Manoloutsiou²,

Bobos³

et al. 2016

Ann. Transl. Med.

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We present a case of a 56-year-old female, with a familial history of breast, lung and brain cancer, which revealed a breast tumor, located in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. During the routinely staging examinations, a 15 cm intrathoracic tumor was found in the upper left mediastinum, penetrating the pericardium and a smaller tumor, in the left side of parietal pleura. Core biopsies from both lesions, revealed a lobular carcinoma of the breast classic type, grade II (e-cadherin-, ER+, PR+, Her-2−, Ki-67 10%) and a B3 thymoma (CK19+, CD5+) penetrating the pericardium and the left lung. A synchronous removal of both tumors was scheduled, including median sternotomy and left intrapericardial pneumonectomy, followed by a modified radical left mastectomy and a sentinel lymph node biopsy. The postoperative course was uneventful. This case advocates that thymoma patients appear to have a predisposition towards developing additional neoplasms, as breast carcinoma. Clinicians should be aware of the increased incidence of extrathymic cancers, occurring in thymoma patients.

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Outcome in excised thymomas: role of prognostic factors and impact of additional malignancies on survival

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Implications of Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Thymoma

Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Implications of Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression in Thymoma

Immune Modulation in Lung Cancer: Current Concepts and Future Strategies

Coincidence of thymoma and breast cancer and in a 56-year-old female patient

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