Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children at the National Cancer Institute, Egypt

Abstract

This treatment protocol was effective in improving ALL survival among patients at the authors' institute compared with previous trials, although the outcome remains lower than that in more industrialized countries. Prognostic factors defined in this study were similar to those identified by other cooperative groups.

Implementation of an intensive risk‐stratified treatment protocol for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Lebanon

“…This percentage was also comparable to 13.9%-17.4% of children with T-ALL reported in the last five studies at St Jude Children's Research Hospital [19]. In studies of children with ALL in low-/middle-income countries, the incidence of T-cell ALL ranged from 11.5% to 26.6% [20][21][22].…”

“…The overall 5-year EFS of 78.7% for our patients was comparable to the 5-year EFS of 75% for patients treated on the CCG-1800 series [6], 76.9% in the TOTAL therapy study 13A at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital [28], and 78% in the BFM 90 [29]. The percentage of patients who relapsed in our study (7.2%) compares favorably with that in many resource-poor countries (17.5%-41.1%) [20,21,30,31]. Our results are similar to those of a recent study from Jordan using St. Jude TOTAL protocols [22].…”

Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Turkey: Factors Influencing Treatment and Outcome

“…1 In studies of children in India and Egypt with ALL, 18.5% and 26.6% had T-cell ALL, respectively. 8,9 According to the Israel National Study for ALL 98 (ALL-INS 98), T-cell lineage was 19.3%. 10 Even in central European countries as the case of Czech Republic, this ratio reached 17.3%.…”

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the Indian scenario

“…14 In the analysis of published data comparing the prognostic determinants in childhood ALL in Negroid and Caucasian population, Macharia WM 15 found the proportions for T cell Immunophenotypic in developed countries and developing countries to be 17% and 60% respectively. In a study by Hussein et al 7 B-cell precursor phenotype was encountered in 73.4% of patients, T-cell in 26.6%. In our study, Conventional Cytogenetics revealed normal Cytogenetics in 78%, hypodiploidy in 9.5%, hypodiploidy in 4.8%, and 7.5% failed to culture ( Figure 3B).…”

“…[4][5][6] Risk factors are utilized for stratification of therapy. [6][7][8] More intensive therapies are administered to patients considered to have the highest risk of relapse. In contrast, some of the more morbid components of the therapy are modified or eliminated for children considered to have the best prognosis.…”