Outburst flood origin of the Central Kalamazoo River Valley, Michigan, USA

Kozlowski, Andrew L.; Kehew, Alan E.; Bird, Brian C.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.016

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…This is unlike that expected for normal fluvial systems which are typically irregular and 448 asymmetric along comparable lengths (Kehew and Teller, 1994). The system also has erosional terraces, as 449 expected for catastrophic flooding systems (Kozlowski et al, 2005). We discount later widening of the 450…”

Section: A and F 295mentioning

confidence: 90%

Streamlined islands and the English Channel megaflood hypothesis

Collier

Oggioni

Gupta

et al. 2015

Global and Planetary Change

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Section: A and F 295mentioning

confidence: 90%

Streamlined islands and the English Channel megaflood hypothesis

Collier

Oggioni

Gupta

et al. 2015

Global and Planetary Change

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“…Others arrived at the same conclusion based on channel morphology and postulated drainage conditions (Boyd et al, 1988;Mooers, 1989;Booth and Hallet, 1993;Brennand and Shaw, 1994;Beaney and Hicks, 2000;Cutler et al, 2002;Rains et al, 2002;Hooke and Jennings, 2006). Mooers (1989), Shaw and Gorrell (1991), Cutler et al (2002), Russell et al (2003), and Kozlowski et al (2005) also concluded that tunnel channel drainage had been catastrophic on the basis of bedforms in the channels and the boulders transported in them. As well, flows overtopping channel rims indicate very high discharges.…”

Section: Tunnel Channelsmentioning

confidence: 94%

A meltwater origin for Antarctic shelf bedforms with special attention to megalineations

2008

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“…There is a rich history of work on tunnel valleys beneath the southern margin of the former Laurentide Ice Sheet (Wright, 1973;Attig et al, 1989;Mooers, 1989;Patterson, 1994Patterson, , 1997Clayton et al, 1999;Johnson, 1999;Kehew et al, 1999Kehew et al, , 2013Cutler et al, 2002;Sjogren et al, 2002;Fisher et al, 2005;Kozlowski et al, 2005;Jennings, 2006;Hooke and Jennings, 2006;Kehew and Kozlowski, 2007). In this section we briefly summarise key observations arising from this work, which need to be incorporated into any model of tunnel valley formation.…”

Section: Previous Work and Observations In Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wright, 1973;Mooers, 1989;Kehew et al, 1999Kehew et al, , 2005Fisher et al, 2005;Kehew and Kozlowski, 2007). Cross-cutting relationships, both between tunnel valleys and with other glacial landforms (e.g.…”

Section: Previous Work and Observations In Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…drumlins, outwash fans, moraines), record a palimpsest signature of tunnel valley erosion. In the Saginaw Lobe, Kehew et al (1999Kehew et al ( , 2005 and Kehew and Kozlowski (2007) identified a series of palimpsest associations in which partially buried tunnel valleys pass beneath terminal moraines, diamicton and surficial outwash associated with later advances. This palimpsest style is interpreted to result from the collapse of ice and debris into the valley, which becomes (partially) buried by sediment during a re-advance and then re-emerges as the ice melts out (e.g.…”

Section: Previous Work and Observations In Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological properties of tunnel valleys of the southern sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and implications for their formation

Livingstone

Clark

2016

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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Abstract. Tunnel valleys have been widely reported on the bed of former ice sheets and are considered an important expression of subglacial meltwater drainage. Although known to have been cut by erosive meltwater flow, the water source and development of channels has been widely debated; ranging between outburst flood events through to gradually occurring channel propagation. We have mapped and analysed the spatial pattern and morphometry of tunnel valleys and associated glacial landforms along the southern sector of the former Laurentide Ice Sheet from high-resolution digital elevation models. Around 2000 tunnel valleys have been mapped, revealing an organised pattern of sub-parallel, semi-regularly spaced valleys that form in distinctive clusters. The tunnel valleys are typically < 20 km long, and 0.5-3 km wide, although their width varies considerably down-valley. They preferentially terminate at moraines, which suggests that formation is time dependent; while we also observe some tunnel valleys that have grown headwards out of hill-hole pairs. Analysis of cross-cutting relationships between tunnel valleys, moraines and outwash fans permits reconstruction of channel development in relation to the retreating ice margin. This palaeo-drainage reconstruction demonstrates incremental growth of most valleys, with some used repeatedly or for long periods, during deglaciation, while others were abandoned shortly after their formation. Our data and interpretation support gradual (rather than a single-event) formation of most tunnel valleys with secondary contributions from flood drainage of subglacial and or supraglacially stored water down individual tunnel valleys. The distribution and morphology of tunnel valleys is shown to be sensitive to regional factors such as basal thermal regime, ice and bed topography, timing and climate.

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Outburst flood origin of the Central Kalamazoo River Valley, Michigan, USA

Cited by 35 publications

References 49 publications

Streamlined islands and the English Channel megaflood hypothesis

Streamlined islands and the English Channel megaflood hypothesis

A meltwater origin for Antarctic shelf bedforms with special attention to megalineations

Morphological properties of tunnel valleys of the southern sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and implications for their formation

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