Outbreaks of astrovirus type 1 and rotavirus gastroenteritis in a geriatric in-patient population

Lewis, David C.; Lightfoot, N. F.; Cubitt, W. D.; Wilson, S.

doi:10.1016/0195-6701(89)90128-x

Cited by 83 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In contrast, an outbreak of food-borne Snow Mountain virus in a nursing home was accompanied by the sudden onset of illness among 41 residents within 48 h of an implicated meal, with subsequent person-to-person transmission to over 100 other residents and staff (37). In another study, a similar epidemiologic appearance was reported for sequential outbreaks of astrovirus type 1-and rotavirus-caused gastroenteritis among geriatric residents of a large psychiatric hospital in which transmission by food was not implicated but could not be thoroughly assessed (81 (47,49,98,110). Oysters, clams, and other shellfish filter virus particles from contaminated water and accumulate them in their tissues.…”

Section: Methods For Norwalk-like Virusesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Outbreaks of food-borne and waterborne viral gastroenteritis

1993

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Norwalk virus infection is the epidemiologic prototype for outbreaks of food-borne and waterborne gastroenteritis. Around the world, Norwalk virus and Norwalk-like viruses appear to be major causes of food-borne and waterborne illness. Assessment of the overall significance of viral agents to the epidemiology of food-borne and waterborne illness is hampered by the lack of surveillance throughout much of the world. In areas where food-borne and waterborne illness surveillance is conducted, outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis are underreported because of the lack of availability of routine laboratory services to confirm the viral etiology. Routine use of epidemiologic criteria as an alternative to laboratory confirmation will allow better assessments of the importance of viral gastroenteritis until effective laboratory methods can be widely implemented. Outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis have been propagated by contamination of water supplies, raw foods, and ill food handlers. Controlling an outbreak depends on identifying and removing the source of contamination. The demonstrated occurrence of person-to-person transmission and the likely occurrence of transmission of Norwalk-like viruses by aerosol make it necessary to evaluate the potential for transmission by food handlers and servers in every outbreak, regardless of primary source.

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Section: Methods For Norwalk-like Virusesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Outbreaks of food-borne and waterborne viral gastroenteritis

1993

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“…Repeat infections are common but generally less severe in outcome [2,3] due to development of a partially effective immune response. Rotaviral disease is also common amongst the elderly, particularly through outbreaks in residential care [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological survey of anti-group A rotavirus IgM in UK adults

Cox

Medley

2003

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYRotaviral associated disease of infants in the UK is seasonal and infection in adults not uncommon but the relationship between these has been little explored. Adult sera collected monthly for one year from routine hospital samples were screened for the presence of anti-group A rotavirus immunoglobulin M class antibodies as a marker of recent infection. Anti-rotavirus IgM was seen in all age groups throughout the year with little obvious seasonal variation in the distribution of antibody levels. IgM concentrations and the proportion seropositive above a threshold both increased with age with high concentrations consistently observed in the elderly. Results suggest either high infection rates of rotavirus in adults, irrespective of seasonal disease incidence in infants, IgM persistence or IgM cross-reactivity. These results support recent evidence of differences between infant and adult rotavirus epidemiology and highlight the need for more extensive surveys to investigate age and time related infection and transmission of rotavirus.

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“…Astroviruses are nonenveloped, positive-sense, polyadenylated RNA viruses often associated with gastrointestinal (GI) disease (11,44). Human astrovirus 1 (HAstV1) to HAstV8 are an important cause of gastroenteritis in pediatric inpatients and outpatients, HIV-infected and immunocompromised populations, and the elderly (9,10,12,16,21,22,24,28,39,44,48,53,63). In addition, human astroviruses have been associated with sporadic outbreaks of gastroenteritis in immunocompetent adults (4,44,47).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Immunity Restricts Replication of Novel Murine Astroviruses

Yokoyama

Loh

Zhao

et al. 2012

J Virol

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The mechanisms of astrovirus pathogenesis are largely unknown, in part due to a lack of a small-animal model of disease. Using shotgun sequencing and a custom analysis pipeline, we identified two novel astroviruses capable of infecting research mice, murine astrovirus (MuAstV) STL1 and STL2. Subsequent analysis revealed the presence of at least two additional viruses (MuAstV STL3 and STL4), suggestive of a diverse population of murine astroviruses in research mice. Complete genomic characterization and subsequent phylogenetic analysis showed that MuAstV STL1 to STL4 are members of the mamastrovirus genus and are likely members of a new mamastrovirus genogroup. Using Rag1 ؊/؊ mice deficient in B and T cells, we demonstrate that adaptive immunity is required to control MuAstV infection. Furthermore, using Stat1 ؊/؊ mice deficient in innate signaling, we demonstrate a role for the innate immune response in the control of MuAstV replication. Our results demonstrate that MuAstV STL permits the study of the mechanisms of astrovirus infection and host-pathogen interactions in a genetically manipulable smallanimal model. Finally, we detected MuAstV in commercially available mice, suggesting that these viruses may be present in academic and commercial research mouse facilities, with possible implications for interpretation of data generated in current mouse models of disease.

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Outbreaks of astrovirus type 1 and rotavirus gastroenteritis in a geriatric in-patient population

Cited by 83 publications

References 11 publications

Outbreaks of food-borne and waterborne viral gastroenteritis

Outbreaks of food-borne and waterborne viral gastroenteritis

Serological survey of anti-group A rotavirus IgM in UK adults

Adaptive Immunity Restricts Replication of Novel Murine Astroviruses

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