“…Astroviruses are nonenveloped, positive-sense, polyadenylated RNA viruses often associated with gastrointestinal (GI) disease (11,44). Human astrovirus 1 (HAstV1) to HAstV8 are an important cause of gastroenteritis in pediatric inpatients and outpatients, HIV-infected and immunocompromised populations, and the elderly (9,10,12,16,21,22,24,28,39,44,48,53,63). In addition, human astroviruses have been associated with sporadic outbreaks of gastroenteritis in immunocompetent adults (4,44,47).…”