Outbreak of West Nile Virus disease in Israel (2015): A retrospective analysis of notified cases

Salama, Matanelle; Amitai, Ziva; Lustig, Yaniv; Mor, Zohar; Weiberger, Miriam; Chowers, Michal; Maayan, Shlomo; Zimhony, Oren; Ben‐Ami, Ronen; Chazan, Bibiana; Zaltzman-Bershadsky, Nelly; Cohen, Regev; Tsyba, Evgenia; Anis, Emilia; Glazer, Yael; Pessah, Silvia; Mendelson, Ella; Leshem, Eyal

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.07.008

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The latter can be represented by the case fatality risk (CFR), defined as the probability of a case of a disease being fatal [ 1 , 2 ]. It is, in its simplest form, estimated by a quotient of the number of fatal cases and the total number of cases, which has been reported for disease outbreaks [ 3 – 5 ]. The CFR can be used in these contexts to understand the severity of a disease and implement appropriate policy in the event of an outbreak [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating case fatality risk of severe Yellow Fever cases: systematic literature review and meta-analysis

2021

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Background Case fatality risk (CFR), commonly referred to as a case fatality ratio or rate, represents the probability of a disease case being fatal. It is often estimated for various diseases through analysis of surveillance data, case reports, or record examinations. Reported CFR values for Yellow Fever vary, offering wide ranges. Estimates have not been found through systematic literature review, which has been used to estimate CFR of other diseases. This study aims to estimate the case fatality risk of severe Yellow Fever cases through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Methods A search strategy was implemented in PubMed and Ovid Medline in June 2019 and updated in March 2021, seeking reported severe case counts, defined by fever and either jaundice or hemorrhaging, and the number of those that were fatal. The searches yielded 1,133 studies, and title/abstract review followed by full text review produced 14 articles reporting 32 proportions of fatal cases, 26 of which were suitable for meta-analysis. Four studies with one proportion each were added to include clinical case data from the recent outbreak in Brazil. Data were analyzed through an intercept-only logistic meta-regression with random effects for study. Values of the I2 statistic measured heterogeneity across studies. Results The estimated CFR was 39 % (95 % CI: 31 %, 47 %). Stratifying by continent showed that South America observed a higher CFR than Africa, though fewer studies reported estimates for South America. No difference was seen between studies reporting surveillance data and studies investigating outbreaks, and no difference was seen among different symptom definitions. High heterogeneity was observed across studies. Conclusions Approximately 39 % of severe Yellow Fever cases are estimated to be fatal. This study provides the first systematic literature review to estimate the CFR of Yellow Fever, which can provide insight into outbreak preparedness and estimating underreporting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating case fatality risk of severe Yellow Fever cases: systematic literature review and meta-analysis

2021

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“…The Middle East represents an important transit zone for bird migration between Africa and Eurasia and provides valuable information on circulation of WNV/USUV in these regions (17–19). In Israel, serologic evidence and acute WNV infections have been reported in humans, horses, birds, and mosquitoes (20, 21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Trends in the Epidemiology of West Nile and Usutu Virus Infections in Southern Europe

et al. 2019

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The epidemiology of West Nile (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) has changed dramatically over the past two decades. Since 1999, there have been regular reports of WNV outbreaks and the virus has expanded its area of circulation in many Southern European countries. After emerging in Italy in 1996, USUV has spread to other countries causing mortality in several bird species. In 2009, USUV seroconversion in horses was reported in Italy. Co-circulation of both viruses was detected in humans, horses and birds. The main vector of WNV and USUV in Europe is Culex pipiens, however, both viruses were found in native Culex mosquito species (Cx. modestus, Cx. perexiguus). Experimental competence to transmit the WNV was also proven for native and invasive mosquitoes of Aedes and Culex genera (Ae. albopictus, Ae. detritus, Cx. torrentium). Recently, Ae. albopictus and Ae. japonicus naturally-infected with USUV were reported. While neuroinvasive human WNV infections are well-documented, USUV infections are sporadically detected. However, there is increasing evidence of a role of USUV in human disease. Seroepidemiological studies showed that USUV circulation is more common than WNV in some endemic regions. Recent data showed that WNV strains detected in humans, horses, birds, and mosquitoes mainly belong to lineage 2. In addition to European USUV lineages, some reports indicate the presence of African USUV lineages as well. The trends in WNV/USUV range and vector expansion are likely to continue in future years. This mini-review provides an update on the epidemiology of WNV and USUV infections in Southern Europe within a multidisciplinary “One Health” context.

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“…This method was accompanied by veterinary surveillance on wild birds in the targeted area. Similar articles that speak towards mosquitoes and bird surveillance in Italy were identified [19]. The mentioned studies state that this type of program brings extreme value in controlling WNV in the endemic areas and should be regularly operated.…”

Section: A Europementioning

confidence: 86%

A Global Perspective on Controlling West Nile Virus Identifying Efficient and Effective Public Health Strategies

Şekercioğlu

Triboi

2021

EJMED

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West Nile Virus has been an increased concern for many countries over the past couple of decades. We examine West Nile Virus surveillance strategies around the world and identify West Nile Virus control methods in endemic countries and demonstrate their effectiveness and efficiency. Despite the ample amount of research, monitoring and control methods conducted by public health agencies, West Nile Virus remains a continuous health threat to the public. Countries that report West Nile Virus cases are identified and searched for articles and national protocols to explore their strategies in controlling the virus. It is essential to discuss all methods of prevention in a global context and demonstrate the most efficient and effective strategy. Data were collected from published articles on PubMed and governmental websites. All the documents were selected upon descriptive surveillance and control methods in endemic countries. The generated data were identified and compared to Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations. Thorough details about West Nile Virus control methods were identified in Canada and the United States, while strategies in the endemic countries are sparse. There is a substantial lack of published data in some endemic countries. Therefore, it is suggested that public health agencies publish the strategies found to be most efficient and effective and share them at an international level. This paper provides reference to public health agencies at a global level to strengthen the interventions in controlling the West Nile Virus.

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Outbreak of West Nile Virus disease in Israel (2015): A retrospective analysis of notified cases

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Estimating case fatality risk of severe Yellow Fever cases: systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Estimating case fatality risk of severe Yellow Fever cases: systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Emerging Trends in the Epidemiology of West Nile and Usutu Virus Infections in Southern Europe

A Global Perspective on Controlling West Nile Virus Identifying Efficient and Effective Public Health Strategies

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