Outbreak of urogenital schistosomiasis in Corsica (France): an epidemiological case study

Boissier, Jérôme; Grech‐Angelini, Sébastien; Webster, Bonnie L.; Allienne, Jean‐François; Huyse, Tine; Mas‐Coma, Santiago; Toulza, Ève; Barre‐Cardi, Hélène; Rollinson, David; Kincaid-Smith, Julien; Oleaga, Ana; Galinier, Richard; Foata, Joséphine; Rognon, Anne; Berry, Antoine; Mouahid, Gabriel; Henneron, Rémy; Moné, Hélène; Noël, Harold; Mitta, Guillaume

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(16)00175-4

Cited by 243 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This possibility should raise concerns about the possible maintenance of the SH transmission cycle in Europe and provide a sense of urgency in addressing it. Interestingly, in line with this possibility, the SH isolates detected in the cases recorded in Corsica have been traced to a West African (Senegal) origin mixed with local animal schistosomes, based on molecular analyses [19]. These observations, therefore, suggest that SH infection in Europe should not be regarded as an issue affecting only immigrants or one that is devoid of potential concern for the native population in future.…”

Section: Schistosoma Haematobium: Tropical—no More?mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The recently described Corsica outbreak of SH infection in 2013 and the subsequent transmission occurring in 2015 after a bathing ban had been lifted [19–20] provided evidence that local transmission continues to occur. Autochthonous transmission is possible in parts of southern Europe where the intermediate host species, Bulinus truncatus , has been found [20–22].…”

Section: Schistosoma Haematobium: Tropical—no More?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing prevalence of genitourinary schistosomiasis in Europe in the Migrant Era: Neglected no more?

et al. 2017

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Section: Schistosoma Haematobium: Tropical—no More?mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Schistosoma Haematobium: Tropical—no More?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing prevalence of genitourinary schistosomiasis in Europe in the Migrant Era: Neglected no more?

et al. 2017

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“…As a consequence of the effects of climate as well as global changes, in general, prevalences, intensities and the geographical distribution of trematodiases have become a priority in public health [1]. Fascioliasis is a severe zoonotic disease caused by two trematode species, Fasciola hepatica and F .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fasciola hepatica reinfection potentiates a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg response and correlates with the clinical phenotypes of anemia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundFascioliasis is a severe zoonotic disease of worldwide extension caused by liver flukes. In human fascioliasis hyperendemic areas, reinfection and chronicity are the norm and anemia is the main sign. Herein, the profile of the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg expression levels is analyzed after reinfection, correlating them with their corresponding hematological biomarkers of morbidity.Methodology/Principal findingsThe experimental design reproduces the usual reinfection/chronicity conditions in human fascioliasis endemic areas and included Fasciola hepatica primo-infected Wistar rats (PI) and rats reinfected at 8 weeks (R8), and at 12 weeks (R12), and negative control rats. In a cross-sectional study, the expression of the genes associated with Th1 (Ifng, Il12a, Il12b, Nos2), Th2 (Il4, Arg1), Treg (Foxp3, Il10, Tgfb, Ebi3), and Th17 (Il17) in the spleen and thymus was analyzed. After 20 weeks of primary infection, PI did not present significant changes in the expression of those genes when compared to non-infected rats (NI), but an increase of Il4, Arg1 and Ifng mRNA in the spleen was observed in R12, suggesting the existence of an active mixed Th1/Th2 systemic immune response in reinfection. Foxp3, Il10, Tgfb and Ebi3 levels increased in the spleen in R12 when compared to NI and PI, indicating that the Treg gene expression levels are potentiated in chronic phase reinfection. Il17 gene expression levels in R12 in the spleen increased when compared to NI, PI and R8. Gene expression levels of Il10 in the thymus increased when compared to NI and PI in R12. Ifng expression levels in the thymus increased in all reinfected rats, but not in PI. The clinical phenotype was determined by the fluke burden, the rat body weight and the hemogram. Multivariate mathematical models were built to describe the Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg expression levels and the clinical phenotype. In reinfection, two phenotypic patterns were detected: i) one which includes only increased splenic Ifng expression levels but no Treg expression, correlating with severe anemia; ii) another which includes increased splenic Ifng and Treg expression levels, correlating with a less severe anemia.Conclusions/SignificanceIn animals with established F. hepatica infection a huge increase in the immune response occurs, being a mixed Th2/Treg associated gene expression together with an expression of Ifng. Interestingly, a Th17 associated gene expression is also observed. Reinfection in the chronic phase is able to activate a mixed immune response (Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg) against F. hepatica but T and B proliferation to mitogens is strongly suppressed in all infected rats vs control in the advanced chronic phase independently of reinfection The systemic immune response is different in each group, suggesting that suppression is mediated by different mechanisms in each case. Immune suppression could be due to the parasite in PI and R8 rats and the induction of suppressive cells such as Treg in R12. This is the first study to provide fundamental insight into the immune profile in fas...

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“…Despite this massive and commendable effort, schistosomiasis is becoming an emerging infection and gaining footholds in new geographical areas, for example, Corsica [20] (Figure 1). Available data indicate that MDA programs have undoubtedly helped in reducing the global prevalence of some helminth infections, but a major disconcerting fact is that since 1990 there has been no appreciable decrease in the global prevalence of schistosomiasis [10].…”

Section: The Heavy Burden Of Schistosomiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sm-p80-Based Schistosomiasis Vaccine: Preparation for Human Clinical Trials

Siddiqui

2017

Trends in Parasitology

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Mass anti-parasitic drug administration programs and other control strategies have made important contributions in reducing the global prevalence of helminths. Schistosomiasis, however, continues to spread to new geographic areas. Advent of a viable vaccine and its deployment coupled with existing control efforts is expected to make a significant headway towards a sustained schistosomiasis control. In 2016, Science ranked schistosomiasis vaccine as one of the top 10 vaccines that need to be urgently developed. A vaccine that is effective against geographically distinct forms of intestinal/hepatic and urinary disease is essential to make a meaningful impact in global reduction of disease burden. In this review we focus on salient features of schistosomiasis vaccines in different phases of the clinical development pipeline and highlight the Sm-p80-based vaccine which is now being prepared for human clinical trials.

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Outbreak of urogenital schistosomiasis in Corsica (France): an epidemiological case study

Abstract: WHO, ANSES, RICET, and the Ministry of Health and Consumption.

Cited by 243 publications

References 35 publications

Increasing prevalence of genitourinary schistosomiasis in Europe in the Migrant Era: Neglected no more?

Increasing prevalence of genitourinary schistosomiasis in Europe in the Migrant Era: Neglected no more?

Fasciola hepatica reinfection potentiates a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg response and correlates with the clinical phenotypes of anemia

Sm-p80-Based Schistosomiasis Vaccine: Preparation for Human Clinical Trials

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