Outbreak of systemic Candida albicans in intensive care unit caused by cross infection.

Burnie, James; Odds, Frank C.; Lee, W; Webster, Cecelia; Williams, J. D.

doi:10.1136/bmj.290.6470.746

Cited by 187 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the present study none of the samples from NICU or from hands of health care workers were positive for Candida as also reported by Baley et al 4 and Burnie et al 6 In contrast, a high yeast carriage by health care personnel of a tertiary care hospital in Chandigarh was considered to be the possible reason for high yeast colonization among preterms admitted in the NICU. The frequency of colonization observed in our study was close to that reported by Baley et male sex, prolonged DROM, administration of steroids and 5.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

Candidacolonization in preterm babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in the rural setting

Mendiratta¹,

Rawat²,

Thamke³

et al. 2006

Indian J Med Microbiol

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Purpose: Candida colonization in neonates results in significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine colonization of Candida spp. in preterm babies and identify the risk factors. Methods: Swabs from oral, rectum, groin and umblicus of 103 preterm and 100 term neonates were obtained within 24 hours of birth, day three, day five, day seven and thereafter every week till the neonate was admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Swabs were also collected from the mother's vagina prior to delivery. Twice every month, air of the NICU was sampled by settle plate and swabs were collected from the hands of health care workers and inanimate objects of NICU. Identification and speciation was done by standard methods. Antibiotic sensitivity was studied against amphotericin B, ketoconazole and fluconazole by disk diffusion method. Results: Colonization with Candida was significantly higher in preterms. Earliest colonization was of oral mucosa and 77.1% of the preterms had colonised at various sites by the first week of life. Significant risk factors in colonized versus non-colonized preterms were male sex, longer duration of rupture of membranes (DROM), administration of steroids and antibiotics and vaginal colonization of mothers, whereas those in preterms versus terms were low birth weight and gestational age. C. albicans was the commonest species, both in the colonized preterms (45.9%) and vagina of mothers. Resistance was seen to fluconazole and ketoconazole only. No Candida spp. was isolated from health care personnel or environment. Conclusions: Colonization of preterms by Candida is a significant problem in NICU and the significant risk factors observed in colonized preterms were male sex, longer DROM, administration of steroids and antibiotics and vaginal colonization of mothers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

Candidacolonization in preterm babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in the rural setting

Mendiratta¹,

Rawat²,

Thamke³

et al. 2006

Indian J Med Microbiol

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“…The predominant profile was given by the hospital outbreak strains which were all of the same biotype (Burnie et al 1985). Significantly, these assimilations were performed at their varying times of initial clinical isolation by different people and were identical; with the results of assimilations at 37 and 30°C, these profiles have been shown to be both consistent and reproducible, provided uniform methodology is performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…These isolates were considered indistinguishable upon biotyping by the method of . The cross-infection outbreak and biotyping are described elsewhere (Burnie et al 1985).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The frequency distribution and consistency of assimilation biotypes ofCandida albicans

Hellyar

1986

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYTwo hundred and fifty clinical strains ofCandida albicansand six isolates from a cross-infection outbreak were studied for their ability to assimilate 19 carbohydrates in the API-20C system (API Laboratory Products Ltd., Basingstoke, UK). The assimilation profiles were stable on repeat testing; at intervals in the 72 h duration of the test; and when incubated at different temperatures.Although not a complete system of biotyping, the API-20C system shows high typability, and fair reproducibility and discrimination, having a limited role in indicating which isolates should be typed by more elaborate methods.

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“…Lee et al (1986) characterized 190 C. albicans strains isolated from 142 pacients in the London Hospital based on total protein content and Western blot analysis. This technique used an antiserum produced in rabbbits against a prenssate of C. albicans NCTC 3153 serotype A, and was more sensitive than the procedure previously used with these same strains serotyped, morphotyped, and biotyped during an outbreak of systemic C. albicans which has been described Burnie et al (1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of biochemical and serological methods to identify and clustering yeast cells of oral Candida species by CHROMagar test, SDS-PAGE and ELISA

et al. 2004

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The purpose of this work was to evaluate biochemical and serological methods to characterize and identify Candida species from the oral cavity. The strains used were five Candida species previously identified: C. albicans, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and Kluyveromyces marxianus, as a negative control. The analyses were conducted through the SDS-PAGE associated with statistical analysis using software, chromogenic medium, and CHROMagar Candida (CA), as a differential medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of clinically important yeasts and an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), using antisera produced against antigens from two C. albicans strains. This method enabled the screening of the three Candida species: C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. Krusei, with 100% of specificity. The ELISA using purified immunoglobulin G showed a high level of crossreaction against protein extracts of Candida species. The SDS-PAGE method allowed the clustering of species-specific isolates using the Simple Matching coefficient, S SM = 1.0. The protein profile analysis by SDS-PAGE increases what is known about the taxonomic relationships among oral yeasts. This methodology showed good reproducibility and allows collection of useful information for numerical analysis on information relevant to clinical application, and epidemiological and systematical studies.

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Outbreak of systemic Candida albicans in intensive care unit caused by cross infection.

Cited by 187 publications

References 20 publications

Candidacolonization in preterm babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in the rural setting

Candidacolonization in preterm babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit in the rural setting

The frequency distribution and consistency of assimilation biotypes ofCandida albicans

Evaluation of biochemical and serological methods to identify and clustering yeast cells of oral Candida species by CHROMagar test, SDS-PAGE and ELISA

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