Outbreak of Skin Infections in College Football Team Members Due to an Unusual Strain of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Susceptible
            <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

Fontanilla, Jose Mario; Kirkland, Kathryn B.; Talbot, Elizabeth A.; Powell, Kenton E; Schwartzman, Joseph D.; Goering, Richard V.; Parsonnet, Jeffrey

doi:10.1128/jcm.02297-09

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…While relatively uncommon, CC8 MSSA with PVL has the potential to expand in communities where CA-MRSA has thrived. For example, there was recently a report of an outbreak of a methicillin-susceptible relative of USA300 among football players in New England (13). We cannot rule out the alternative hypothesis that the lukSF-PV-positive CC8 MSSA strains we observed had never acquired SCCmec in the past, but the more parsimonious explanation is that these strains were formerly MRSA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Prevalence and Sequence Variation of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin in Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains in the United States

Brown

O'Hara

et al. 2012

J Clin Microbiol

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Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), encoded by the lukSF-PV genes, is a putative virulence factor and marker for communityassociated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Here we report the prevalence of PVL among a representative sample of 1,055 S. aureus infection isolates from the United States and describe the sequence variation of the lukSF-PV genes. We performed multilocus sequence typing (MLST) on all isolates and sequenced fragments of the lukSF-PV genes from a sample of 86 isolates. We assigned isolates to a PVL R or H sequence type based on a polymorphism that results in an amino acid change from arginine (R) to histidine (H). Overall, we found that 36% of S. aureus isolates were positive for lukSF-PV. Among the 86 we typed, we identified 72 R variants and 14 H variants. Among the 47 methicillin-resistance S. aureus (MRSA) isolates, 43 harbored the R variant, and among the 39 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, 29 harbored the R variant. Almost all (97%) of the R variants were found in MLST clonal complex 8 (CC8), while the H variant was broadly distributed among 6 CCs. Within CC8, all 38 MRSA (USA300) and all 28 MSSA isolates harbored the R variant. Of the 20 isolates from blood and the lower respiratory tract, 19 (95%) harbored the R variant. While the R variant had been linked primarily to USA300 MRSA, we found that all CC8 MSSA isolates also contained the R variant, suggesting that some strains of USA300 may have lost methicillin resistance as an adaptation in the community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Prevalence and Sequence Variation of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin in Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains in the United States

Brown

O'Hara

et al. 2012

J Clin Microbiol

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“…ST22-MRSA-V may have evolved from the same ancestor or alternatively could have evolved from the Gaza-strain, by acquiring SCC mec -V cassette after losing the IVa cassette, as has been suggested for ST8-MRSA strains [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

A Typical Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clone Is Widespread in the Community in the Gaza Strip

et al. 2012

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Epidemiological data on community acquired methicillin-resistant-Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) carriage and infection in the Middle-East region is scarce with only few reports in the Israeli and Palestinian populations. As part of a Palestinian-Israeli collaborative research, we have conducted a cross-sectional survey of nasal S. aureus carriage in healthy children and their parents throughout the Gaza strip. Isolates were characterized for antibiotic susceptibility, mec gene presence, PFGE, spa type, SCCmec-type, presence of PVL genes and multi-locus-sequence-type (MLST). S. aureus was carried by 28.4% of the 379 screened children-parents pairs. MRSA was detected in 45% of S. aureus isolates, that is, in 12% of the study population. A single ST22-MRSA-IVa, spa t223, PVL-gene negative strain was detected in 64% of MRSA isolates. This strain is typically susceptible to all non-β-lactam antibiotics tested. The only predictor for MRSA carriage in children was having an MRSA carrier-parent (OR = 25.5, P = 0.0004). Carriage of the Gaza strain was not associated with prior hospitalization. The Gaza strain was closely related genetically to a local MSSA spa t223 strain and less so to EMRSA15, one of the pandemic hospital-acquired-MRSA clones, scarcely reported in the community. The rapid spread in the community may be due to population determinants or due to yet unknown advantageous features of this particular strain.

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“…Moreover, USA300 SCCmec − and ACME − SCCmec − clinical isolates have also been identified in these studies. Recently, there was an outbreak of skin infections in college football players that was caused by a USA300 MSSA (SCCmec − ) ACME positive strain [38]. All these reports support the hypothesis that USA300 could spontaneously lose mobile genetic elements including ACME, SCCmec or ACME-SCCmec in a low frequency to generate new clones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element in Evolution and Pathogenicity of the Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain USA300

Conly

McClure

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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USA300 is a predominant community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain which carries an arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME). ACME contains potential virulence factors including an arginine deiminase (arc) pathway and an oligopeptide permease (opp-3) system, which are proposed to play a role in bacterial virulence and transmission. However, the role of ACME in evolution and pathogenicity of USA300 remains to be elucidated. ACME and arcA deletion mutants were created by allelic replacement from a USA300 clinical isolate. By comparing wild type and isogenic ACME deletion USA300 strains, ACME was shown not to contribute to bacterial survival on plastic surfaces, and mouse skin surfaces. ACME did not contribute to bacterial virulence in cell invasion and cytotoxicity assays, invertebrate killing assays and a mouse skin infection model. Wild-type ACME negative USA300 clinical isolates showed similar associations with invasive anatomic sites as ACME positive isolates. Our experiments also demonstrated that ACME can spontaneously excise from the bacterial chromosome to generate an ACME deletion strain at a low frequency. Our results do not support that the ACME element alone is a significant factor in the transmission and virulence of USA300 strain, and ACME may have been coincidently incorporated into the genome of USA300.Microorganisms 2020, 8, 275 2 of 22 unique mobile genetic element, arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) [4]. ACME contains arc and opp-3 operons encoding the arginine deiminase pathway and the oligopeptide permease system, respectively [4]. A previous study has shown that the arginine deiminase pathway could enhance bacterial tolerance to acid in low pH (pH 4.0) by producing ammonia [5]. Arginine deiminase, a key enzyme in this catabolic pathway, is a virulence factor in Streptococcus pyogenes, which inhibits proliferation of human T-cells [6] and enhances bacterial invasion and survival at low pH intracellular environment [7]. Moreover, Opp operons are found in both Gram-positive and negative bacteria and their major function is to uptake peptides to be used as carbon and nitrogen sources. Many other functions have been indicated for these two components, including quorum sensing, chemotaxis, eukaryotic cell adhesion, binding of serum components, and expression of virulence determinants through peptide transport [8]. Recently, SpeG encoded by ACME was suggested to play a role in resistance to clearance by host [9]. Thus, ACME is hypothesized to enhance USA300 virulence and survival, supported by a study showing that ACME is associated with enhanced fitness of USA300 in a rabbit bacteremia model [10]. However, using a rodent model of necrotizing pneumonia and skin infection, Montgomery et al. demonstrated no difference in survival, bacterial burden and appearances of lesions among the wild type (WT), isogenic ACME deletion mutant strains and ACME negative (ACME − ) USA300 clinical isolates, suggesting that ACME is not necessary for the virulence of USA300 in these mode...

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Outbreak of Skin Infections in College Football Team Members Due to an Unusual Strain of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Prevalence and Sequence Variation of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin in Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains in the United States

Prevalence and Sequence Variation of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin in Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains in the United States

A Typical Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clone Is Widespread in the Community in the Gaza Strip

Arginine Catabolic Mobile Element in Evolution and Pathogenicity of the Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain USA300

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