Outbreak of Poliomyelitis in Hispaniola Associated with Circulating Type 1 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus

Kew, Olen M.; Morris‐Glasgow, Victoria; Landaverde, Mauricio; Burns, Cara C.; Shaw, Jillian M; Garib, Zacarı́as; André, Jean‐Baptiste; Blackman, Elizabeth; Freeman, C. Jason; Jorba, Jaume; Sutter, Roland W.; Tambini, Gina; Venczel, Linda; Pedreira, Cristina; Laender, Fernando; Shimizu, Hiroyuki; Yoneyama, Tetsuo; Miyamura, Tatsuo; Avoort, Harrie van der; Oberste, M. Steven; Kilpatrick, David R.; Cochi, Stephen L.; Pallansch, Mark A.; Quadros, Ciro de

doi:10.1126/science.1068284

Cited by 524 publications

(496 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our phylogenetic analyses based on two different genomic regions, 59UTR-core and NS5B, demonstrate the existence of natural intragenotypic HCV recombinant strains (1a/1b) circulating in the Peruvian population. The recombination breakpoint for non-segmented positive-strand RNA viruses, such as polioviruses and other picornaviruses (Santti et al, 1999;Guillot et al, 2000;Kew et al, 2002), as well as members of the family Flaviviridae, are often located in the part of the genome encoding the non-structural proteins but sometimes in genes encoding structural proteins (CostaMattioli et al, 2003;Martin et al, 2002). Moreover, several possible recombination breakpoints have been identified in other RNA viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and many more are being reported (Onafuwa et al, 2003;Vidal et al, 2003;Strimmer et al, 2003;Najera et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of intratypic recombination in natural populations of hepatitis C virus

Colina

Casañe

Vásquez³

et al. 2004

Journal of General Virology

113

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has high genomic variability and, since its discovery, at least six different types and an increasing number of subtypes have been reported. Genotype 1 is the most prevalent genotype found in South America. In the present study, three different genomic regions (59UTR, core and NS5B) of four HCV strains isolated from Peruvian patients were sequenced in order to investigate the congruence of HCV genotyping for these three genomic regions. Phylogenetic analysis using 59UTR-core sequences found strain PE22 to be related to subtype 1b. However, the same analysis using the NS5B region found it to be related to subtype 1a. To test the possibility of genetic recombination, phylogenetic studies were carried out, revealing that a crossover event had taken place in the NS5B protein. We discuss the consequences of this observation on HCV genotype classification, laboratory diagnosis and treatment of HCV infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of intratypic recombination in natural populations of hepatitis C virus

Colina

Casañe

Vásquez³

et al. 2004

Journal of General Virology

113

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“…Wild-type and OPV strains have been reported to recombine (Dahourou et al, 2002;Georgescu et al, 1995;Guillot et al, 2000;Liu et al, 2000Liu et al, , 2003Yang et al, 2003) and PVs have been shown to recombine with serotypes of HEV-C (Brown et al, 2003;Jiang et al, 2007;Rousset et al, 2003). Furthermore, vaccine-derived PV strains, defined as having more than 1 % nucleotide differences in the VP1 protein coding region (reviewed recently by Agol, 2006;Kew et al, 2004), have been reported to have an interserotypic recombinant genome (Blomqvist et al, , 2004Martin et al, 2002) as well as a recombinant genome with a non-structural region from an unknown HEV-C strain (Arita et al, 2005;Kew et al, 2002Kew et al, , 2004Rakoto-Andrianarivelo et al, 2008;Rousset et al, 2003;Shimizu et al, 2004). The enterovirus recombination sites are located in the 59 non-coding region (NCR) and in the non-structural part of the 7500 nt genome in genes coding for proteins 2A, 2B, 2C and 3D.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of poliovirus recombinants: accumulation of point mutations provides further advantages

Savolainen-Kopra

Самойлович

Kahelin

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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The roles of recombination and accumulation of point mutations in the origin of new poliovirus (PV) characteristics have been hypothesized, but it is not known which are essential to evolution. We studied phenotypic differences between recombinant PV strains isolated from successive stool specimens of an oral PV vaccine recipient. The studied strains included three PV2/PV1 recombinants with increasing numbers of mutations in the VP1 gene, two of the three with an amino acid change IAT in the DE-loop of VP1, their putative PV1 parent and strains Sabin 1 and 2. Growth of these viruses was examined in three cell lines: colorectal adenocarcinoma, neuroblastoma and HeLa. The main observation was a higher growth rate between 4 and 6 h post-infection of the two recombinants with the IAT substitution. All recombinants grew at a higher rate than parental strains in the exponential phase of the replication cycle. In a temperature sensitivity test, the IATsubstituted recombinants replicated equally well at an elevated temperature. Complete genome sequencing of the three recombinants revealed 12 (3), 19 (3) and 27 (3) nucleotide (amino acid) differences from Sabin. Mutations were located in regions defining attenuation, temperature sensitivity, antigenicity and the cis-acting replicating element. The recombination site was in the 59 end of 3D. In a competition assay, the most mutated recombinant beat parental Sabin in all three cell lines, strongly suggesting that this virus has an advantage. Two independent intertypic recombinants, PV3/PV1 and PV3/PV2, also showed similar growth advantages, but they also contained several point mutations. Thus, our data defend the hypothesis that accumulation of certain advantageous mutations plays a key role in gaining increased fitness.

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“…Human picornaviruses produce symptoms ranging from mild respiratory illness to hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, myocarditis, acute flaccid paralysis, and neonatal organ failure (19,27,28,33,40,41). Veterinary picornaviruses, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and porcine teschovirus (PTV), can have devastating effects on livestock (5,8,21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genus-Specific Substitution Rate Variability among Picornaviruses

Hicks

Duffy

2011

J Virol

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Picornaviruses have some of the highest nucleotide substitution rates among viruses, but there have been no comparisons of evolutionary rates within this broad family. We combined our own Bayesian coalescent analyses of VP1 regions from four picornaviruses with 22 published VP1 rates to produce the first within-family meta-analysis of viral evolutionary rates. Similarly, we compared our rate estimates for the RNA polymerase 3D pol gene from five viruses to four published 3D pol rates. Both a structural and a nonstructural gene show that enteroviruses are evolving, on average, a half order of magnitude faster than members of other genera within the Picornaviridae family.Members of the Picornaviridae family are the most common cause of human viral infections in developed countries (28,39). Human picornaviruses produce symptoms ranging from mild respiratory illness to hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, myocarditis, acute flaccid paralysis, and neonatal organ failure (19,27,28,33,40,41). Veterinary picornaviruses, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and porcine teschovirus (PTV), can have devastating effects on livestock (5,8,21).Although picornaviruses such as poliovirus (PV) are known to evolve more rapidly than other viruses with single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) genomes (9, 29), little research has been conducted to investigate how they evolve more rapidly than other viruses with similarly error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (29, 57) or if certain picornaviruses evolve more rapidly than others. Understanding the evolutionary potentials and constraints of these important pathogens is imperative for the development of durable vaccines and effective treatment plans for individual pathogens (42). As even small, 3-fold differences in RNA virus mutation rates can have dramatic consequences, such as driving a population into lethal mutagenesis (7), similar differences in long-term evolutionary rates could indicate significantly dissimilar evolutionary potentials.While viral evolutionary rates were previously calculated only by linear regression, modern simulation software such as BEAST (11) allows for the estimation of more complex models of viral evolution. These Bayesian coalescent programs can produce both estimated mean rates of evolution and 95% credibility intervals (CIs) that provide a measure of the variability around mean rates. Instead of comparing single-point estimates, now nonoverlapping CIs provide the strongest evidence that genes or organisms are evolving at different rates (11). Many substitution rate estimates have been published for picornaviruses, especially for the antigenically significant VP1 gene, which encodes the most external of the picornavirus structural proteins and interacts with cellular receptors (37,49). Based on sequence availability in GenBank, four novel analyses were conducted, measuring the rate of evolution of the VP1 gene for two enteroviruses and producing the first rate estimates for the type species of the genera Cardiovirus and Teschoviru...

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Outbreak of Poliomyelitis in Hispaniola Associated with Circulating Type 1 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus

Cited by 524 publications

References 18 publications

Evidence of intratypic recombination in natural populations of hepatitis C virus

Evidence of intratypic recombination in natural populations of hepatitis C virus

Comparison of poliovirus recombinants: accumulation of point mutations provides further advantages

Genus-Specific Substitution Rate Variability among Picornaviruses

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