Outbreak of methanol-induced optic neuropathy in early COVID-19 era; effectiveness of erythropoietin and methylprednisolone therapy

Abstract

BACKGROUND Methanol is a highly toxic, non-potable alcohol. Outbreaks of methanol toxicity occur due to its fraudulent addition to alcoholic beverages as a cheaper substitute for ethanol. Recently, alongside the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, rumors circulated on social media that consuming alcohol can prevent or cure the virus, leading to a COVID-19 and methanol-induced optic neuropathy (MON) syndemic. AIM To investigate the impact of erythropoietin (EPO) on the outcomes of patients diagnosed with MON. METHODS In this prospective study, 105 patients presenting with acute bilateral visual loss secondary to methanol intoxication were enrolled from March to May 2020 at Farabi Eye Hospital. A comprehensive ocular examination was conducted for all participants. Recombinant human EPO and methylprednisolone were administered intravenously to all patients for three consecutive days. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 39.9 years (± 12.6). Ninety-four patients were male and eleven were female. The mean pre-treatment best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 2.0 ± 0.86 to 1.39 ± 0.69 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution post-treatment ( P < 0.001), with significant improvement observed in all age categories and genders ( P < 0.001). Visual acuity improvement was also significant regardless of whether the patient presented before or after 72 h ( P < 0.001), and the post-treatment BCVA remained significant at all monthly follow-up visits ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSION EPO and methylprednisolone therapy have been shown to be effective in improving visual outcomes in patients with MON when administrated within the first month of exposure. Public awareness efforts are necessary to prevent further outbreaks of methanol toxicity in the current COVID-19 era.

The Adverse Reactions of Erythropoietin in Methanol Toxicity: A Descriptive Study

“…According to Pakravan and Sanjari, administering EPO through the veins along with corticosteroids, B-group vitamins, and folic acid resulted in a significant enhancement of visual acuity in two individuals who had methanol toxic optic neuropathy [16]. Further research has been carried out to evaluate the efficacy of erythropoietin in treating optic neuropathy resulting from methanol poisoning, and efforts are underway to advance its utilization [10,[17][18][19][20][21].…”