Outbreak of measles among Irish Travellers in Norway: an update

Løvoll, Ø; Vonen, L; Nordbø, Svein Arne; Vevatne, T; Sagvik, Eli; Vainio, Kirsti; Sandbu, Synne; Aavitsland, Preben

doi:10.2807/esw.12.24.03217-en

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, samples were taken and confirmed from patients in almost every chain of transmission in the outbreak. Several outbreaks of measles have been reported in many European countries within the past years, in particular in susceptible population groups such as orthodox Jewish communities [12], religious schools [13], anthroposophic communities [14,15], traveller communities [16,17] and in regional or national outbreaks involving a large proportion of Roma/Sinti [18], Roma migrant or indigenous populations [3,4]. Measles clusters in susceptible communities are a considerable public health problem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spotlight on measles 2010: A measles outbreak in a Roma population in Pulawy, eastern Poland, June to August 2009

et al. 2010

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We describe a local indigenous outbreak of measles in a susceptible Roma community, which occurred in Pulawy, a town of 50,000 citizens in the Lubelskie province (eastern Poland) during summer 2009. From 22 June to 30 August 2009, 32 measles cases were reported, and additionally nine possible cases were actively identified. A mass immunisation campaign was organised to stop measles transmission in the Roma community. Active surveillance of rash-febrile illnesses allowed documentation of the impact of mass immunisation in preventing further measles spread in the Roma community, and the surrounding population of Pulawy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spotlight on measles 2010: A measles outbreak in a Roma population in Pulawy, eastern Poland, June to August 2009

et al. 2010

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“…In 2005, a 17-year-old unvaccinated girl who was incubating measles returned to the US from Romania and attended a social event on her return, creating the largest documented outbreak of measles in the United States since 1996 [Parker et al, 2006] [Siedler et al, 2006]. had not received the MMR vaccine [Cohuet et al, 2007;Lovoll et al, 2007] and the US case was a result of virus imported from Israel (Paul Rota, personal communication). This illustrates that while interruption of MeV transmission has been achieved in countries like the USA, the reservoir of virus from geographic areas with sub-optimal vaccination regimes can lead to outbreaks linked on a global scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of circulating measles virus in Ireland 2002–2007

Carr

Conway

Waters

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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The molecular characterization of measles virus (MeV) is a valuable epidemiological tool to monitor virus transmission and to discriminate between imported and endemic infection. There has been significant immigration into Ireland in recent years and many individuals originate from regions of high measles incidence. Ireland has had a number of outbreaks of MeV which appear attributable to sub‐optimal vaccine uptake and possibly imported strains as new genotypes have been identified in recent years. To ascertain any significant changes in circulating measles genotypes we investigated 65 confirmed measles cases between the years 2002 and 2007. The laboratory diagnosis of measles was confirmed by detection of measles‐specific IgM in oral fluid in conjunction with a real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the MeV hemagglutinin gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 3′ hypervariable region of the nucleoprotein gene was performed and three genotypes, all within measles clade D, were found to be circulating during this time period. In 2002 and 2003, genotype D8 (n = 2) was observed whereas genotype D7 was dominant in 2003 (n = 31). A distinct change in the circulating MeV genotype and increased genetic diversity was observed between 2004 and 2007. All cases were within genotype D4 (n = 32) but were phylogenetically distinct from each other. These data provide important epidemiologic baseline information on MeV in Ireland and facilitates detailed examination of measles transmission. J. Med. Virol. 81:125–129, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…In France, the estimated number of measles cases dropped from 300,000 in 1985 to less than 10,400 cases in 2003 (3,48), and mortality has declined from 30 deaths per year in the 1980s to less than 10 per year in recent years (3,48). However, despite the success in controlling measles, the disease has not been eliminated in Europe; outbreaks still occur (2,3,13,18,29,34,35,45,48,50,52,53), and measles can still represent a serious health threat, especially in infants under 1 year of age (7,18).…”

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Kinetics of Decline of Maternal Measles Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Sera of Infants in France in 2006

Gagneur

Pinquier

Aubert

et al. 2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The optimal age for measles vaccination is an important health issue, since maternal antibodies may neutralize the vaccine antigen before a specific immune response develops, while delaying vaccination may increase the risk of complicated diseases in infants. However, measles vaccination impacts the duration of protection afforded by transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies: vaccination-induced maternal antibodies disappear faster than disease-induced antibodies. In order to maintain protection against measles in infants, it is important to monitor the dynamics of this phenomenon in vaccinated populations. To assess the current situation in France, a multicenter, prospective seroepidemiological study was conducted in seven French hospitals between October 2005 and January 2007. Maternal measles antibody concentrations from 348 infants 0 to 15 months old were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization assay. Geometric mean concentrations and the percentage of infants with maternal measles antibody concentrations above the protection threshold (>120 mIU/ml) were assessed according to age. Results show that after more than 20 years of routine measles vaccination in France, maternal measles-neutralizing antibodies decrease dramatically in French infants by 6 months of age, from 1,740 mIU/ml for infants 0 to 1 month old to 223 mIU/ml for infants 5 to 6 months old, and that 90% of infants are not protected against measles after 6 months of age. Infant protection against measles could be optimized both by increasing herd immunity through an increased vaccine coverage and by lowering the age of routine vaccination from 12 to 9 months.

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Outbreak of measles among Irish Travellers in Norway: an update

Abstract: This is an update on the preliminary report [1] of an outbreak of measles in Norway among a travelling community from England.

Cited by 8 publications

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Spotlight on measles 2010: A measles outbreak in a Roma population in Pulawy, eastern Poland, June to August 2009

Spotlight on measles 2010: A measles outbreak in a Roma population in Pulawy, eastern Poland, June to August 2009

Molecular epidemiology of circulating measles virus in Ireland 2002–2007

Kinetics of Decline of Maternal Measles Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in Sera of Infants in France in 2006

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