Outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever in British cattle

Pd, Foster

doi:10.1136/vr.113.20.477

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Mortalities resulting from SA-MCF have been reported globally including several African countries, namely, Egypt, Kenya and South Africa (SA) [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 – 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Economic losses due to outbreaks of SA-MCF may occur over a long period unlike occasional infections which result in deaths of few animals at a time [ 11 , 12 ]. By 2010, out of the number of MCF suspected cases in cattle received at the Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (ARC-OVI) diagnostic laboratory in SA, 10% tested OvHV-2 positive while 90% tested OvHV-2 negative with PCR (M. Romito, ARC-OVI, pers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2009). In a study that involved 86 sheep from different regions of South Africa, the prevalence of OvHV-2 was found to be 77% [ 13 ]. Such a high prevalence (77%) in the natural reservoirs of OvHV-2 from different regions of SA highlights the importance of the disease in the country and necessitates investigation of the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of OvHV-2 strains circulating in SA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a high prevalence (77%) in the natural reservoirs of OvHV-2 from different regions of SA highlights the importance of the disease in the country and necessitates investigation of the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of OvHV-2 strains circulating in SA. The epidemiology of SA-MCF in SA is not yet fully understood and more research on the molecular epidemiology of OvHV-2 to expand the knowledge in this field is necessary [ 13 ]. The paucity of research on OvHV-2 is due to the absence of a cell culture system to propagate the virus in vitro , thus resulting in difficulties studying the molecular epidemiology, diagnosis and pathogenesis of OvHV-2 [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Analysis of South African Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Strains Based on Selected Glycoprotein and Tegument Genes

et al. 2016

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Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), is the causative agent of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), a generally fatal disease of cattle and other captive wild ruminants. Information on the OvHV-2 strains circulating in South Africa (SA) and other African countries with regard to genetic structure and diversity, and pattern of distribution is not available. This study aimed to characterize the OvHV-2 strains circulating in SA using selected genes encoding glycoproteins and tegument proteins. To establish the genetic diversity of OvHV-2 strains, four genes, Ov 7, Ov 8 ex2, ORF 27 and ORF 73 were selected for analysis by PCR and DNA sequencing. Nucleotide and amino acid multiple sequence analyses revealed two genotypes for ORF 27 and ORF 73, and three genotypes for Ov 7 and Ov 8 ex2, randomly distributed throughout the regions. Ov 7 and ORF 27 nucleotide sequence analysis revealed variations that distinguished SA genotypes from those of reference OvHV-2 strains. Epitope mapping analysis showed that mutations identified from the investigated genes are not likely to affect the functions of the gene products, particularly those responsible for antibody binding activities associated with B-cell epitopes. Knowledge of the extent of genetic diversity existing among OvHV-2 strains has provided an understanding on the distribution patterns of OvHV-2 strains or genotypes across the regions of South Africa. This can facilitate the management of SA-MCF in SA, in terms of introduction of control measures or safe practices to monitor and control OvHV-2 infection. The products encoded by the Ov 7, Ov 8 ex2 and ORF 27 genes are recommended for evaluation of their coded proteins as possible antigens in the development of an OvHV-2 specific serodiagnostic assay.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Analysis of South African Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Strains Based on Selected Glycoprotein and Tegument Genes

et al. 2016

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“…138 In public opinion, where even before Pearl Harbor a clear majority favored involvement in the European War, the Japanese attack basically ended all debate. 139 Moreover, wartime polling consistently recorded more than 50 percent of the American public opposed to even discussing peace with a government headed by the German army, with substantially higher majorities opposed to actually agreeing to peace on available terms or to negotiating with Hitler.…”

Section: Domestic-political Unitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…181 Stalin similarly believed that there [139] was something fundamentally wrong with German society, as he had expected the German proletariat to oppose the invasion of the Soviet Union; he thus doubted that even the multigenerational processes of reform that Roosevelt advocated would stamp out the German disposition to aggression. 182 Churchill, by contrast, believed that the root of the problem was Hitler, the Nazi Party, and Prussia; he tended not to blame the German military or the people more generally, for example in 1941 blaming previous British governments for not addressing German grievances and hence "goading them to Hitlerism."…”

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confidence: 99%