Outbreak of Leptospirosis after a Race in the Tropical Forest of Martinique

Hochedez, Patrick; Rosine, Jacques; Théodose, R.; Abel, Sylvie; Bourhy, Pascale; Picardeau, Mathieu; Quénel, Philippe; Cabie, André

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0502

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Despite inherent limitations of serological testing, we inferred that leptospirosis is endemic and widespread in Rio de Janeiro, since all tested animal species had high seroreactivity. It was not an unexpected result, since studies from other regions of Brazil [13,31-33] as well as from other tropical areas reported leptospirosis as a widespread infection [1,6,11]. Despite this, animal leptospirosis is often neglected and many practitioners, even from endemic regions, are only familiar with the acute syndromes of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The panorama of animal leptospirosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, regarding the seroepidemiology of the infection in tropical regions

Martins

Lilenbaum

2013

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundLeptospirosis is an important disease caused by various serovars of Leptospira sp. It can affect humans as well as domestic and wild animals; therefore, it has importance for public health, animal production, and wild species. The aim of this paper is to discuss the epidemiology of animal leptospirosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as a possible model for other tropical regions. In several studies conducted in the last 20 years, a total of 47 rats, 120 dogs, 875 cows, 695 horses, 1,343 goats, 308 sheep and 351 pigs from all regions of the state, in addition to 107 wild mammals and 73 golden-lion tamarins were tested (MAT) for anti-Leptospira antibodies.ResultsSeroreactivity was frequent in all studied species, confirming that the infection is endemic in Rio de Janeiro. Serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae and Sejroe were the most prevalent in urban and rural scenarios, respectively. This paper reviews the current knowledge on animal leptospirosis in Rio de Janeiro and describes important differences between urban versus rural cycles of the infection in various species.ConclusionIdentification of the prevailing serogroups and their reservoirs is essential for understanding agent-host-environment interactions under tropical conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The panorama of animal leptospirosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, regarding the seroepidemiology of the infection in tropical regions

Martins

Lilenbaum

2013

BMC Vet Res

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“…Leptospirosis is the only disease transmitted by river or lake water reported in our study [41][42][43][44][45][46]. Practicing sports involving frequent contacts with a possibly contaminated environment such as triathlons [44,45], iron-man [46], adventure raids [42,51], or eco-challenges [43], presents a risk for Leptospires infection.…”

Section: Environmental Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The other localizations were: visceral (n = 10. 17%) [12,30,[41][42][43][44][45][46]50,51], meningeal (n = 4. 7%) [36][37][38]40], ophthalmic (n = 3.…”

Section: Localization Of the Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outdoor sports practiced in natural environment were mentioned next, such as adventure raid, eco-challenge, tropical forest race (n = 4. 8%) [41][42][43]51], triathlon and iron-man (n = 3. 6%) [44][45][46].…”

Section: Type Of Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Practicing sports involving frequent contacts with a possibly contaminated environment such as triathlons [44,45], iron-man [46], adventure raids [42,51], or eco-challenges [43], presents a risk for Leptospires infection. The identified risk factors include events in river or lake water [42][43][44][45], the ingestion of this water during the event [44], the presence of dermabrasions or wounds [41,43], the occurrence of strong rain before the race (which would increase the risk of water contamination and survival of Leptospires at the water surface) [43,44]. The importance of the risk varies according to geographic zones: it is higher in tropical zones [41][42][43]46] than in temperate zones [44,45].…”

Section: Environmental Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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