Outbreak of Cholera Due to Cyclone Idai in Central Mozambique (2019)

Mongo, Edson; Cambaza, Edgar; Nhambire, Robina; Singo, Jacinto; Machava, Edsone

doi:10.5772/intechopen.89358

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Severe floods were also detected by SMAP in eastern Zimbabwe where riverine and flash flooding were reported [ 60 ]. It is noted that the region was affected by extended rainfall leading up to the cyclone making landfall [ 61 ], which likely predisposed the region to flooding. The dark blue areas [ Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite Flood Inundation Assessment and Forecast Using SMAP and Landsat

Kimball

Sheffield

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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The capability and synergistic use of multi-source satellite observations for flood monitoring and forecasts is crucial for improving disaster preparedness and mitigation. Here, surface fractional water cover (FW) retrievals derived from Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) L-band (1.4 GHz) brightness temperatures were used for flood assessment over southeast Africa during the Cyclone Idai event. We then focused on five sub-catchments of the Pungwe basin and developed a machine learning-based approach with the support of Google Earth Engine (GEE) for daily (24-hour) forecasting of FW and 30-m inundation downscaling and mapping. The Classification and Regression Trees (CART) model was selected and trained using retrievals derived from SMAP and Landsat coupled with rainfall forecasts from the NOAA Global Forecast System (GFS). Independent validation showed that FW predictions over randomly selected dates are highly correlated (R=0.87) with the Landsat observations. The forecast results captured the flood temporal dynamics from the Idai event; and the associated 30-m downscaling results showed inundation spatial patterns consistent with independent satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations. The data-driven approach provides new capacity for flood monitoring and forecasts leveraging synergistic satellite observations and big data analysis, which is particularly valuable for data sparse regions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite Flood Inundation Assessment and Forecast Using SMAP and Landsat

Kimball

Sheffield

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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“…From April 3 to April 9, the MoH conducted a mass-vaccination campaign that reached more than 800,000 people (90% of the target population). 5,6,13 Moreover, the MNA and international partners immediately set up several treatment centers and established a WASH taskforce, which then quickly implemented interventions to ensure the provision of safe WASH facilities for the local population. 14 Secondly, the under-utilization of the in-patient wards: the small number of patients needing hospitalization after treatment were admitted directly inside the CHB (hospitalization rate = 4%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Moreover, on March 27, the Ministry of Health (MoH; Maputo, Mozambique) declared a cholera outbreak, and through May, the number of cumulative cases increased to 6,766 with eight deaths. 5,6 Under these circumstances, the Emergency Medical Team Type 2 -Italy Regione Piemonte (EMT2-ITA) was deployed approximately two weeks after the cyclone made landfall in Beira to support the country in need providing essential medical and surgical care. The EMT2-ITA is a classified World Health Organization (WHO; Geneva, Switzerland) Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Type 2, which is an "in-patient surgical emergency care" unit 6 able to assure 24-hour operativity, to provide seven major/fifteen minor surgical operations per day, to manage 100 out-patients and 20 in-patients per day, and to remain totally self-sufficient from a logistical point of view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Italian Field Hospital Experience in Mozambique: Report of Ordinary Activities in an Extraordinary Context

Sacchetto

Raviolo²,

Lovesio

et al. 2022

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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On March 15, 2019, Cyclone Idai made landfall near the port city of Beira in central Mozambique causing significant casualties and serious damage to infrastructure. The Emergency Medical Team Type 2 – Italy Regione Piemonte (EMT2-ITA) was deployed approximately two weeks after the disaster to support the country in need, providing essential medical and surgical care. The EMT2-ITA staff was composed of 77 team members including two rotations and integrating local staff. A total of 1,121 patients (1,183 triage admissions) were treated during the 27 days of field hospital activity; among all the admissions, only few cases (17; 1%) were directly or indirectly attributed to the disaster event. Only three cases of cholera were confirmed and transferred to one of the treatment centers set up in Beira. The EMT2-ITA performed a total of 62 surgical operations (orthopedic, gynecological, general, and plastic surgery), of which more than one-half were elective procedures. The objective of this manuscript is to report the mission of the EMT2-ITA in Mozambique, raising interesting points of discussion regarding the impact of timing on the mission outcomes, the operational and clinical activities in the field hospital, and the great importance to integrate local staff into the team.

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“… 8 Problems with sanitation and water management led to cholera outbreaks. 9 , 10 Water inundation, because of the floods, created better breeding conditions for mosquitos, and as a result, malaria (already endemic before the cyclone) had an increased wave of infections.…”

Section: Impacts Of the Cyclone And The Link To Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

How did primary health care in Beira experience Cyclone Idai?

Lokotola

Uyttersprot

Felimone³

et al. 2022

Afr. j. prim. health care fam. med.

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Beira, the biggest city of Mozambique’s Sofala province, was struck by Cyclone Idai on 14 March 2019, with devastating impacts. The floods along with the cyclone destroyed road infrastructure and health facilities and disrupted primary health care (PHC) service delivery. In addition, destruction of farmland and food stocks resulted in malnutrition; the abundance of water fostered the reproduction of mosquitos, exacerbating the burden of malaria; and problems with water and sanitation led to epidemics of cholera. The exact role and contribution of human-induced climate change is very difficult to quantify, but there is little doubt that climate change is driving more frequent and severe cyclones, such as Idai. Considering the current climatic changes, it is expected that climate hotspots such as Beira will only experience more frequent extreme weather events. In these settings, with high risks but low adaptive capacity, dedicated efforts are required to strengthen PHC with a focus on preparedness for disasters. This should entail community awareness and education, strengthening infrastructure and service provision, as well as collaboration with important stakeholders across other sectors.Contribution: Using a case study approach, this article contributes climate resilient PHC for better preparedness to service continuity.

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Outbreak of Cholera Due to Cyclone Idai in Central Mozambique (2019)

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Satellite Flood Inundation Assessment and Forecast Using SMAP and Landsat

Satellite Flood Inundation Assessment and Forecast Using SMAP and Landsat

Italian Field Hospital Experience in Mozambique: Report of Ordinary Activities in an Extraordinary Context

How did primary health care in Beira experience Cyclone Idai?

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