Outbreak of Acute Respiratory Disease Caused by
            <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>
            on Board a Deployed U.S. Navy Ship

Sliman, Joseph; Metzgar, David; Asseff, David C.; Coon, Robert G.; Faix, Dennis J.; Lizewski, Stephen E.

doi:10.1128/jcm.01926-09

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Transmission occurs from person to person by respiratory droplets with a relatively long incubation period ranging from several days to more than 3 weeks. Outbreaks are frequently observed during late summer and early fall in confined populations such as military bases, schools or healthcare facilities [83,84].…”

Section: History and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fastidious intracellular bacteria as causal agents of community-acquired pneumonia

Lamoth

Greub

2010

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Intracellular bacteria are common causes of community-acquired pneumonia that grow poorly or not at all on standard culture media and do not respond to beta-lactam antibiotic therapy. Apart from well-established agents of pneumonia such as Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci and Coxiella burnetii, some new emerging pathogens have recently been recognized, mainly Parachlamydia acanthamoebae and Simkania negevensis, two Chlamydia-related bacteria. Most of them are causes of benign and self-limited infections. However, they may cause severe pneumonia in some cases (i.e., Legionnaires' disease) and they may cause outbreaks representing a public health problem deserving prompt recognition and appropriate therapy. Although extrapulmonary manifestations are often present, no clinical features allow them to be distinguished from classical bacterial agents of pneumonia such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Thus, specific molecular diagnostic tools are very helpful for early recognition of the offending bacteria, whereas serology often only allows retrospective or late diagnosis. Macrolides remain the best empirical treatment of intracellular respiratory pathogens, although some observational studies suggest that quinolones may be superior for the treatment of legionellosis.

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Section: History and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fastidious intracellular bacteria as causal agents of community-acquired pneumonia

Lamoth

Greub

2010

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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“…Outbreaks among Finnish and Turkish recruits have been documented (521,710), and this pathogen has also caused significant problems in personnel aboard ships at sea. A recent outbreak in 2007 affected 179 (17%) members of a U.S. Navy crew of 1,074 persons, including 69 ARD cases and 50 radiographically confirmed pneumonia cases (522). Nonrecruit trainees have also been found to be at high risk: a large outbreak affecting U.S. Navy Advanced Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL trainees took place in July 2008, and 10 chlamydial pneumonia cases were identified among 100 trainees (523).…”

Section: Mycoplasma Pneumoniae and Chlamydophila Pneumoniaementioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Infections in the U.S. Military: Recent Experience and Control

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY This comprehensive review outlines the impact of military-relevant respiratory infections, with special attention to recruit training environments, influenza pandemics in 1918 to 1919 and 2009 to 2010, and peacetime operations and conflicts in the past 25 years. Outbreaks and epidemiologic investigations of viral and bacterial infections among high-risk groups are presented, including (i) experience by recruits at training centers, (ii) impact on advanced trainees in special settings, (iii) morbidity sustained by shipboard personnel at sea, and (iv) experience of deployed personnel. Utilizing a pathogen-by-pathogen approach, we examine (i) epidemiology, (ii) impact in terms of morbidity and operational readiness, (iii) clinical presentation and outbreak potential, (iv) diagnostic modalities, (v) treatment approaches, and (vi) vaccine and other control measures. We also outline military-specific initiatives in (i) surveillance, (ii) vaccine development and policy, (iii) novel influenza and coronavirus diagnostic test development and surveillance methods, (iv) influenza virus transmission and severity prediction modeling efforts, and (v) evaluation and implementation of nonvaccine, nonpharmacologic interventions.

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“…Shipboard investigations have benefitted from the ongoing surveillance of respiratory disease on large U.S. Navy ships [12]. Patients meeting the case definition of febrile respiratory illness (FRI), temperature > 100.4°F and cough or sore throat, undergo throat swabs and the specimens are stored in liquid nitrogen or -80°C freezers.…”

Section: Accomplishmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A growing global network’s role in outbreak response: AFHSC-GEIS 2008-2009

et al. 2011

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A cornerstone of effective disease surveillance programs comprises the early identification of infectious threats and the subsequent rapid response to prevent further spread. Effectively identifying, tracking and responding to these threats is often difficult and requires international cooperation due to the rapidity with which diseases cross national borders and spread throughout the global community as a result of travel and migration by humans and animals. From Oct.1, 2008 to Sept. 30, 2009, the United States Department of Defense’s (DoD) Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System (AFHSC-GEIS) identified 76 outbreaks in 53 countries. Emerging infectious disease outbreaks were identified by the global network and included a wide spectrum of support activities in collaboration with host country partners, several of which were in direct support of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005). The network also supported military forces around the world affected by the novel influenza A/H1N1 pandemic of 2009. With IHR (2005) as the guiding framework for action, the AFHSC-GEIS network of international partners and overseas research laboratories continues to develop into a far-reaching system for identifying, analyzing and responding to emerging disease threats.

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Outbreak of Acute Respiratory Disease Caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae on Board a Deployed U.S. Navy Ship

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Fastidious intracellular bacteria as causal agents of community-acquired pneumonia

Fastidious intracellular bacteria as causal agents of community-acquired pneumonia

Respiratory Infections in the U.S. Military: Recent Experience and Control

A growing global network’s role in outbreak response: AFHSC-GEIS 2008-2009

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