Out-of-pocket payments for health care in Serbia

Arsenijevic, Jelena; Pavlova, Milena; Groot, Wim

doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.07.005

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This has been identified in studies conducted in large geographical areas, such as in 35 European countries [26], Central Asia [30] as well as in 33 African countries [31], or in smaller studies comprising only one nation as, for example, Bulgaria [1,6,13,32,33], Poland [34,35], Hungary [2,[36][37][38][39][40], Greece [4,41], Lithuania [34,42], Russia [43,44]; Ukraine [34,45], Moldova [46], Serbia [47], Kazakhstan [48], Albania [5,49,50], Kosovo [8], Tajikistan [51,52], Kyrgyzstan [53], Taiwan [54], Cameroon [55], Tanzania [3,56] and Turkey [57]. Nevertheless, informal patient payments phenomenon is poorly examined at a cross-country level.…”

Section: Explaining the Informal Patient Payments: An Institutional Amentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Indeed, most previous studies reveal that women are more likely to make informal payments for health care services [6,40,42,46,59], as do younger persons [6,45,47,49,60], better educated persons [6,[40][41][42]47,49], those having a job [41], those married [49], those living in a smaller household [40,49,50], those living in rural areas [45,60,61], and those with lower income [31,37,57,61]. By testing this hypothesis, whether these populations also have a higher institutional asymmetry can be evaluated.…”

Section: Explaining the Informal Patient Payments: An Institutional Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rethinking informal payments by patients in Europe: An institutional approach

Williams

Horodnic

2017

Health Policy

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Section: Explaining the Informal Patient Payments: An Institutional Amentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Explaining the Informal Patient Payments: An Institutional Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking informal payments by patients in Europe: An institutional approach

Williams

Horodnic

2017

Health Policy

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“…OOPs are not reimbursable by insurers or third parties (1) and include official co-payments, payments for "bought and brought goods" (e.g., for pharmaceuticals bought in the pharmacy and brought to the hospital) and informal payments (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Informal payments are illegal and often a form of corruption (2,3). Patients or their relatives make these payments to health care providers out of the official bills (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients or their relatives make these payments to health care providers out of the official bills (4). Informal payments have the following characteristics: a) not registered; b) not necessarily related to treatment; c) paid before, during, and after the treatment process; and d) may be initiated by the hospital staff or patient (2). In addition, these payments are made in cash or non-cash form (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Informal Payments for Inpatient Services and Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tehran, Iran

et al. 2018

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Background: Informal payments, as one of the components of out-of-pocket (OOP) payments, are often a form of corruption and outside the official bill. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the frequency of informal payments for inpatient services and its related factors in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the samples included 450 patients who were admitted to hospital's clinics affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, to receive follow-up and post-surgical care. After obtaining patient consent, data were collected via a 28-item questionnaire included two parts of patient's demographic characteristics and informal payments experience that it's validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analyses in SPSS 16 software. Results: The findings showed 21.1% of the patients had informal payments, paid voluntarily, mostly in cash, for service's staff, in public hospitals, after discharge and, due to the employees' proper behavior and attention. The average informal payments per patient were 5,304,630 IRR (175.4 USD). There was no significant relationship between the informal payment behavior and the patient demographics characteristics (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Despite the efforts made in the HTP to eliminate informal payments in inpatient services, the goal has not been fully realized. A part of the payments was paid at the provider's request and before the patient's admission that these compulsory informal payments are illegal and unethical and therefore, must be controlled and eradicated. Policymakers can take steps to reduce informal payments by improving the healthcare quality, supervision, setting salary and benefits, enforcing laws, and increasing staff incentives.

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A systematic review of empirical studies on methodology and burden of informal patient payments in health systems

Khodamoradi¹,

Ghaffari

Daryabeygi-Khotbehsara

et al. 2017

Health Planning & Management

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There are a number of strategies for the measurement of IPPs with different strengths and weaknesses. Most applied strategies for general public were quantitative surveys recruiting more than 1000 participants using a face-to-face structured interview, and then qualitative studies on less than 150 health care providers, with focus group discussion. This review provides a comprehensive picture of current informal patients' payments measurement tools, which helps researchers in future investigations.

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Out-of-pocket payments for health care in Serbia

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Rethinking informal payments by patients in Europe: An institutional approach

Rethinking informal payments by patients in Europe: An institutional approach

Informal Payments for Inpatient Services and Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tehran, Iran

A systematic review of empirical studies on methodology and burden of informal patient payments in health systems

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