Out-of-plane electric whiskers based on nanocarbon strain sensors for multi-directional detection

Wakabayashi, S.; Yamaguchi, Takafumi; Arie, Takayuki; Akita, Seiji; Takei, Kuniharu

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2019.11.042

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…1 a(1)]. 24 , 25 , 31 The LIG film size corresponding to one-pixel is 3 × 3 mm 2 . An uncured PDMS solution (Dow Silicones, SYLGARD184, USA) was poured on the PI films with the LIG films, and the subsequent spin-coating realized a PDMS thin film.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 7 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 15 , 23 To overcome this challenge, some material transfer, printing, and laser ablation techniques have been proposed to form active materials on a macroscale, flexible film. 14 , 19 , 24 , 25 In particular, macroscale, flexible, tactile pressure sensor arrays have been widely developed as resistive, capacitive, and piezoelectric type sensors. 8 , 26 − 30 Although different potential fabrication processes have been proposed, practical products of macroscale, flexible pressure sensor arrays have not been released to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Very Thin, Macroscale, Flexible, Tactile Pressure Sensor Sheet

et al. 2020

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In artificial intelligence and deep learning applications, data collection from a variety of objects is of great interest. One way to support such data collection is to use very thin, mechanically flexible sensor sheets, which can cover an object without altering the original shape. This study proposes a thin, macroscale, flexible, tactile pressure sensor array fabricated by a simple process for economical device applications. Using laser-induced graphene, a transfer process, and a printing method, a relatively stable, reliable, macroscale, thin (∼300 μm), flexible, tactile pressure sensor is realized. The detectable pressure range is about tens to hundreds of kPa. Then, as a proof-of-concept, the uniformity, sensitivity, repeatability, object mapping, finger pressure distribution, and pressure mapping are demonstrated under bending conditions. Although many flexible, tactile pressure sensors have been reported, the proposed structure has the potential for macroscale, thin, flexible, tactile pressure sensor sheets because of the simple and easy fabrication process.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very Thin, Macroscale, Flexible, Tactile Pressure Sensor Sheet

et al. 2020

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“…In contrast, the sensitivity of other sensors was measured in terms of the resistance change per force applied, such as [ 54 ], where a sensitivity of 0.313/N (31.3%/N) and a resolution of 0.002 N were achieved. Wakabayashi et al measured a maximum sensitivity of 0.56/gF (57.1%/N) [ 55 ]. Furthermore, a sensor depending on the piezoelectric effect could detect forces with a resolution of 3 µN and a sensitivity of 0.1682 mV/µN with good linearity [ 56 ].…”

Section: Tactile Sensing Techniques and Related Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Recent Bio-Inspired Design and Manufacturing of Whisker Tactile Sensors

Sayegh

Daraghma

Mekid

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Whisker sensors are a class of tactile sensors that have recently attracted attention. Inspired by mammals’ whiskers known as mystacial vibrissae, they have displayed tremendous potential in a variety of applications e.g., robotics, underwater vehicles, minimally invasive surgeries, and leak detection. This paper provides a supplement to the recent tactile sensing techniques’ designs of whiskers that only sense at their base, as well as the materials employed, and manufacturing techniques. The article delves into the technical specifications of these sensors, such as the resolution, measurement range, sensitivity, durability, and recovery time, which determine their performance. The sensors’ sensitivity varies depending on the measured physical quantity; for example, the pressure sensors had an intermediate sensitivity of 58%/Pa and a response time of around 90 ms, whereas the force sensors that function based on piezoelectric effects exhibited good linearity in the measurements with a resolution of 3 µN and sensitivity of 0.1682 mV/µN. Some sensors were used to perform spatial mapping and the identification of the geometry and roughness of objects with a reported resolution of 25 nm. The durability and recovery time showed a wide range of values, with the maximum durability being 10,000 cycles and the shortest recovery time being 5 ms. Furthermore, the paper examines the fabrication of whiskers at the micro- and nanoscales, as well as their contributions to mechanical and thermal behavior. The commonly used manufacturing techniques of 3D printing, PDMS casting, and screen printing were used in addition to several micro and nanofabrication techniques such as photolithography, etching, and chemical vapor deposition. Lastly, the paper discusses the main potential applications of these sensors and potential research gaps in this field. In particular, the operation of whisker sensors under high temperatures or high pressure requires further investigation, as does the design of sensors to explore larger topologies.

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“…Reproduced with permission. [ 193 ] Copyright 2020, Elsevier B.V. n) Sensing modalities using 3D e‐whiskers. o) Photo of an SMP‐based e‐whisker array, the inset showing a schematic of e‐whiskers interrogating a fingerprint.…”

Section: Functional Nanomaterials and Structures For Versatile Flexible Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relying on a 3D‐printed mold, coupled with a transferred LIG technique, an out‐of‐plane e‐whisker array was developed using four LIG‐based strain sensors that homogeneously surrounding a whisker (Figure 3k–m). [ 193 ] This contributes to the tracking of eight directional bending forces by measuring the outputs of the strain sensors. Furthermore, using shape memory polymer (SMP) as the building block, a multimodal 3D e‐whisker array with facile fabrication strategies was demonstrated (Figure 3n–p).…”

Section: Functional Nanomaterials and Structures For Versatile Flexible Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Hybrid Sensor Systems with Feedback Functions

Takei

2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Skin‐like wearable sensors are regarded as key technologies toward home‐based healthcare, human–machine interfaces, robotics, prostheses, and enhanced augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR). Inspired by human somatosensory functions, artificial sensory feedback systems play vital roles in shaping interactions with complex environments and timely decision‐making. This study presents an overview of recent advances in feedback‐driven, closed‐loop skin‐inspired flexible sensor systems that make use of emerging functional nanomaterials and elaborate structures. Drawing on feedback solutions, four categories of sensor systems are highlighted, which include prosthesis‐ and AR/VR‐based human–machine interfaces, smartphone‐based approaches for point‐of‐care detection, and smart wearable displays for direct signal visualizations. Furthermore, the progress of machine learning on the reliable recognition of massive quantities of signals generated by flexible sensor networks is briefly discussed. The state‐of‐the‐art hybrid sensor techniques, along with other emerging strategies, will enable total sensory feedback loop systems to be developed for next‐generation electronic skins.

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Out-of-plane electric whiskers based on nanocarbon strain sensors for multi-directional detection

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Very Thin, Macroscale, Flexible, Tactile Pressure Sensor Sheet

Very Thin, Macroscale, Flexible, Tactile Pressure Sensor Sheet

Review of Recent Bio-Inspired Design and Manufacturing of Whisker Tactile Sensors

Flexible Hybrid Sensor Systems with Feedback Functions

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