Out of Phase Uplift-Rate Changes During the Quaternary Reveal Normal Fault Interaction, Implied by Deformed Marine Palaeoshorelines, in Southern Italy

Meschis, Marco; Roberts, Gerald; Robertson, Jennifer; Mildon, Zoë; Sahy, Diane; Goswami, Rajasmita; Sgambato, Claudia; Walker, Joanna Faure; Michetti, A.M.; Iezzi, Francesco

doi:10.2139/ssrn.4016967

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This approach is based on the concept that glacio-eustatic sea-level highstands, which combined with tectonic uplift are thought to produce marine terraces [10], are unevenly spaced in time, indicating that for a constant uplift rate over time, uplifted marine terraces will be preserved in the landscape unevenly spaced in elevation [19,98]. It is important to highlight that this approach also works if uplift rates change through time as demonstrated by previous studies in Greece and southern Italy [19,99]. Furthermore, re-occupation of marine terraces within regions showing relatively low uplift rates may occur for both constant and fluctuating uplift rate scenarios.…”

Section: Synchronous Correlation Approach To Model Multiple Glacio-eu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining Rates of Active Crustal Deformation in the Upper Plate of Subduction Zones, Implied by Geological and Geodetic Data: The E-Dipping West Crati Fault, Southern Italy

et al. 2022

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We investigate crustal deformation within the upper plate of the Ionian Subduction Zone (ISZ) at different time scales by (i) refining geodetic rates of crustal extension from continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements and (ii) mapping sequence of Late Quaternary raised marine terraces tectonically deformed by the West Crati normal fault, in northern Calabria. This region experienced damaging earthquakes in 1184 (M 6.75) and 1854 (M 6.3), possibly on the E-dipping West Crati fault (WCF) which, however, is not unanimously considered to be a seismogenic source. We report geodetic measurements of extension and strain rates across the strike of the E-dipping WCF and throughout the northern Calabria obtained by using velocities from 18 permanent GNSS stations with a series length longer than 4.5 years. These results suggest that crustal extension may be seismically accommodated in this region by a few normal faults. Furthermore, by applying a synchronous correlation approach, we refine the chronology of understudied tectonically deformed palaeoshorelines mapped on the footwall and along the strike of the WCF, facilitating calculation of the associated fault-controlled uplift rates. Raised Late Quaternary palaeoshorelines are preserved on the footwall of the WCF indicating that “regional” uplift, likely related to the deformation associated either with the subduction or mantle upwelling processes, is affected by local footwall uplift. We show that GIS-based elevations of Late Quaternary palaeoshorelines, as well as temporally constant uplift rates, vary along the strike of the WCF, implying normal faulting activity through time. This suggests that (i) the fault slip rate governing seismic hazard has also been constant over the Late Quaternary, over multiple earthquake cycles, and (ii) our geodetically derived fault throw rate for the WCF is likely a more than reasonable value to be used over longer time scales for an improved seismic hazard assessment. Overall, we emphasize the importance of mapping crustal deformation within the upper plate above subduction zones to avoid unreliable interpretations relating to the mechanism controlling regional uplift.

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Section: Synchronous Correlation Approach To Model Multiple Glacio-eu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining Rates of Active Crustal Deformation in the Upper Plate of Subduction Zones, Implied by Geological and Geodetic Data: The E-Dipping West Crati Fault, Southern Italy

et al. 2022

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“…[22]; this contrasts with terraces' elevation in northeastern Sicily, where uplift through the late Pleistocene until today [23,24], happened with a higher rate [1]. [25] refined dating of palaeo-shorelines and estimation of uplift rates for the Hyblean Plateau. These authors showed that palaeocoast elevations in this region increase from the south to the north, but with uplift rates constant through time for each sector.…”

Section: Geographical and Geochronological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 103−110 m marine terrace near the cave (current height 120 m a.s.l.) has been dated to 525 ka by [25] and provides a minimum age for this marine incursion. The transition from shallow-water marine sands to continental sediments, and then a sandy 'red earth' rich in P. falconeri and Leithia melitensis fossils can be observed in cave sediments of the lower chamber, reflecting the progressive uplift of the cave from below sea level to its current height [1].…”

Section: Spinagallo Cave and Hyblean Plateau Fissure Fillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleistocene Caves of Eastern Sicily Coast: Exceptional Archives to Reconstruct the History of the Island’s Biota

Bonfiglio¹,

Rosso

Herridge

et al. 2022

Geosciences

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The distinctive features and fossil content of some caves from eastern Sicily (San Teodoro, Donnavilla, Fulco, Taormina, Tremilia, Spinagallo), altogether spanning from the middle Pleistocene until the beginning of the Holocene, are discussed. Although dating on vertebrate and/or invertebrate remains is available in few instances, coastal notches and marine terraces correlate with the caves, provide further chronological constraint. The San Teodoro and Spinagallo caves are the best known, whereas the Tremilia cave deserves to be better analysed. Most caves, but not the San Teodoro one (including only terrestrial faunas), testify to the transition from submarine coastal environments (documented by biogenic crusts, borings, shelly sediments), to continental conditions (vertebrate remains of the Paleoloxodon falconeri, Maccagnone and San Teodoro Faunistic Complexes). The fossil register preserved in these cavities represents a source of information useful to (1) reconstruct the palaeogeography of Sicily and its coastline, largely resulting from the interplay between tectonic and sea-level changes linked to climate fluctuations; and (2) the consequent evolution of the terrestrial biota, including the dominance of insular endemic taxa later replaced by species shared with continental Italy, after the establishment of temporary connection through the Messina Strait.

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Out of Phase Uplift-Rate Changes During the Quaternary Reveal Normal Fault Interaction, Implied by Deformed Marine Palaeoshorelines, in Southern Italy

Cited by 2 publications

References 62 publications

Refining Rates of Active Crustal Deformation in the Upper Plate of Subduction Zones, Implied by Geological and Geodetic Data: The E-Dipping West Crati Fault, Southern Italy

Refining Rates of Active Crustal Deformation in the Upper Plate of Subduction Zones, Implied by Geological and Geodetic Data: The E-Dipping West Crati Fault, Southern Italy

Pleistocene Caves of Eastern Sicily Coast: Exceptional Archives to Reconstruct the History of the Island’s Biota

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