Out of control: An altered parieto-occipital-cerebellar network for impulsivity in bipolar disorder

Structural Features Predict Sexual Trauma and Interpersonal Problems in Borderline Personality Disorder but Not in Controls: A Multi-Voxel Pattern Analysis

“…In line with previous studies, the set of areas predicting sexual abuse in BPD patients mainly involves subcortical regions such as the Caudate, Putamen and Amygdala ( Herpertz et al, 2001 ; Xu et al, 2016 ). Morphometric alterations of striatum and putamen are associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by impulsive behavior, affect instability, and substance abuse ( Luo et al, 2019 ; Lapomarda et al, 2021a , b ). Notably, putamen is part of a cortical-striatal-thalamic circuit ( Luo et al, 2019 ) that has been consistently implicated in affective processes of different psychiatric disorders ( Fettes et al, 2017 ).…”

“…In addition, the cerebellum, via connection with the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex, is responsible for affective evaluation ( Pierce and Péron, 2020 ; Piretti et al, 2021 ). Recent results have pointed out that the cerebellum may have a relevant role for emotions ( Adamaszek et al, 2017 ; Pappaianni et al, 2018 ; Sorella et al, 2019 ; Lapomarda et al, 2021b ). The contribution of the Heschl’s gyrus is also noticeable as it may increase function of posterior and anterior insula ( Craig, 2005 , 2009 ) in trauma-exposed patients contributing to multisensory dysfunctions in schizoaffective/schizophrenic patients ( Quidé et al, 2017 ) psychotic patients ( Aas et al, 2016 ) and is implicated in distorted internal dialoge in Eating disorders, and verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia.…”

“…The Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a complex mental disorder with a characteristic pervasive pattern of instability on affect regulation showing different dysphoric states shifting from one interpersonally reactive mood to another with great fluidity ( Zanarini et al, 1998 ; Stiglmayr et al, 2001 ; Dadomo et al, 2016 , 2018 ). Impulsiveness ( Mortensen et al, 2010 ; Lapomarda et al, 2021a , b ), strong feelings of very deep inadequacy, dissociative experiences ( Zanarini et al, 1990 ; Koenigsberg et al, 2002 ), interpersonal relationships and problem with self-image ( Lieb et al, 2004 ; De Panfilis et al, 2019 )are the main characteristics of BPD. This disorder affects approximately 1–3% of the general population ( Lenzenweger et al, 2007 ; Trull et al, 2010 ) up to 10% of outpatient psychiatric patients ( Zimmerman et al, 2005 ) 20% of hospitalized patients and 15–25% of the clinical population ( McGlashan et al, 2000 ).…”

“…Up to 2013, the majority of studies indicated that structural differences in the amygdala hub, hippocampus and cingulate cortex are involved in affective deficits ( Minzenberg et al, 2008 ; Nunes et al, 2009 ; Ruocco et al, 2012 ; Piretti et al, 2020 ). More recently, alterations in frontal (e.g., orbifrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex; Aguilar-Ortiz et al, 2018 ), cortical and subcortical regions ( Ruocco et al, 2016 ; Stanley et al, 2018 ; Davies et al, 2020 ; Lapomarda et al, 2021a , b ) have also been identified. Yet, if a meta-analysis confirmed this constellation of brain regions ( Yu et al, 2019 ), other extended abnormality in temporal cortex and cerebellum ( Schulze et al, 2016 ) will complete the puzzling picture.…”

“…Therefore, it is clear that the high variability of the previous results is probably related to methodological differences and limitations, which in turn influenced the results of the various meta-analyzes. In this background, the use of multivariate methods would instead provide detailed information on how the regions are correlated, identifying naturally grouped circuits ( Grecucci et al, 2016 ; Sorella et al, 2019 ; Saviola et al, 2020 ; Lapomarda et al, 2021a , b ).…”