Out, Damned Spot: Can the “Macbeth Effect” Be Replicated?

Earp, Brian D.; Everett, Jim A. C.; Madva, Elizabeth N.; Hamlin, J. Kiley

doi:10.1080/01973533.2013.856792

Cited by 72 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Furthermore, it may be desirable for a replication to have a larger sample size. Earp, Everett, Madva, and Hamlin (2014) argued that publication bias and the concomitant issue of increased likelihood of results being statistically significant and/or effects being at the high end of the distribution can mean that the same sample size might fail to reproduce the earlier findings or detect an effect at all. Even with a larger sample size, a replication study may not have sufficient power to find an effect similar to that of the initial study (or any meaningful effect) if that effect was spurious or overinflated.…”

Section: Extent Of Change Between Initial and Replication Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication in Second Language Research: Narrative and Systematic Reviews and Recommendations for the Field

et al. 2018

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Despite its critical role for the development of the field, little is known about replication in second language (L2) research. To better understand replication practice, we first provide a narrative review of challenges related to replication, drawing on recent developments in psychology. This discussion frames and motivates a systematic review, building on syntheses of replication in psychology, education, and L2 research. We coded 67 self-labeled L2 replication studies found across 26 journals for 136 characteristics. We estimated a mean rate of 1 published replication study for every 400 articles, with a mean of 6.64 years between initial and replication studies and a mean of 117 citations of the initial study before a replication was published. Replication studies had an annual mean of 7.3 citations, much higher than averages in linguistics and education. Overlap in authorship between initial and replication studies and the availability of the initial materials both increased the likelihood of a replication supporting the initial findings. Our sample contained no direct (exact) replication attempts, and changes made to initial studies were numerous and wide ranging, which likely obscured, if not undermined, the interpretability of replication studies. To improve the amount and quality of L2 replication research, we propose 16 recommendations relating to rationale, nomenclature, design, infrastructure, and incentivization for collaboration and publication.

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Section: Extent Of Change Between Initial and Replication Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication in Second Language Research: Narrative and Systematic Reviews and Recommendations for the Field

et al. 2018

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“…This appears an important step as several previous studies in this field revealed mixed results. On the one hand, several studies failed to replicate the classic Macbeth effect in US samples32, in Spanish samples33, and a sample from the UK34. Moreover, Kaspar and Teschlade18 found different effects of a cleanliness versus dirtiness visualization task on morality ratings compared to Zhong et al 20…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitions about bodily purity attenuate stress perception

Kaspar

Cames

2016

Sci Rep

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Based on the assumption that physical purity is associated with a clean slate impression, we examined how cognitions about bodily cleanliness modulate stress perception. Participants visualized themselves in a clean or dirty state before reporting the frequency of stress-related situations experienced in the past. In Study 1 (n = 519) and Study 2 (n = 647) cleanliness versus dirtiness cognitions reliably reduced stress perception. Further results and a mediation analysis revealed that this novel effect was not simply driven by participants’ cognitive engagement in stress recall. Moreover, we found that participants’ temporal engagement in the recall of past stressful events negatively correlated with the amount of perceived stress, indicating an ease-of-retrieval phenomenon. However, a direct manipulation of the number of recalled stressful events in Study 3 (n = 792) showed the opposite effect: few versus many recalled events increased the perceived frequency of past stress-related situations. Overall, these novel results indicate an interesting avenue for future research on cognitively oriented stress reduction interventions, add to the literature on purity-related clean slate effects, and may help to better understand washing rituals in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorders.

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“…Articles with "replication" in the title are now being published on a regular basis [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]; there is even a dedicated Journal of Articles in Support of the Null Hypothesis (although it is not especially well-known). But there is still a lot of room for improvement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for reporting negative results - a 90 year update

Earp

2017

J Clin Transl Res

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Out, Damned Spot: Can the “Macbeth Effect” Be Replicated?

Cited by 72 publications

References 24 publications

Replication in Second Language Research: Narrative and Systematic Reviews and Recommendations for the Field

Replication in Second Language Research: Narrative and Systematic Reviews and Recommendations for the Field

Cognitions about bodily purity attenuate stress perception

The need for reporting negative results - a 90 year update

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