Our experience of nipple reconstruction using the C-V flap technique: 1 year evaluation

Valdatta, Luigi; Montemurro, Paolo; Tamborini, Federico; Fidanza, Carlo; Gottardi, Alessandra; Scamoni, Stefano

doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2008.03.064

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Reasons authors cited for favoring this flap included its ease, consistency, reliability and lack of donor site morbidity (14,19,22,23). With the high satisfaction seen regardless of technique, however, factors such as surgeon preference and experience should be considered when choosing a nipple reconstruction technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nipple-areolar complex reconstruction and patient satisfaction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Satteson¹,

Brown²,

Nahabedian³

2017

Gland Surg.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More often, however, local tissue rearrangement is used to create a nipple, followed by tattooing of the reconstructed nipple and the surrounding skin that is to become the areola. A variety of local flaps has been described in the literature (1,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nipple-areolar complex reconstruction and patient satisfaction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Satteson¹,

Brown²,

Nahabedian³

2017

Gland Surg.

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“…The modifications consist of a base, cap, and 2 wings [10]. Following its development in 1998, the C-V flap has become standard in numerous procedures due to its long-term satisfaction and improvements in body contour [9,11,12]. This paper reports a modified C-V flap technique that uses the post-mastectomy scar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nipple Reconstruction Using a Scar-Based Modified C-V Flap

Choi

Kim

et al. 2016

Arch Aesthetic Plast Surg

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INTRODUCTIONPatients who have lost their nipple-areolar complex (NAC) due to cancer excision surgery or trauma, or who have a congenital absence of the NAC, can experience psychological distress. Therefore, NAC reconstruction procedures have both physical and psychological impacts.Breast reconstruction is usually performed in multiple stages.Since reconstruction of the NAC finalizes breast reconstruction following mastectomy, it is important to perform this final step in a precise and delicate way with an optimal surgical technique. The 2 basic methods of NAC reconstruction are local flaps and composite grafts. The surgical techniques that have been developed for NAC reconstruction include the C-V flap, the star flap, the skate flap, the bell flap, and the arrow flap [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Local flaps are preferred because donor site morbidity is minimal compared to composite grafts. The C-V flap is a simple, quick, and effective method for nipple reconstruction using a local flap [8].In these surgical procedures, nipple creation and areola pigmentation are critical [9]. Successful and complete procedures for nipple reconstruction must be simple, reliable, and convenient, with good aesthetic outcomes. The scar-based modified C-V flap technique described in this study is based on the conventional C-V flap technique. The C-V flap is a simple method using a local flap, and can be performed in the outpatient department [9]. Of note, the scar-based modified C-V flap can be performed for nipple recon- Background Numerous techniques have emerged for nipple-areolar complex (NAC) over the years. Scar-based modified C-V flap technique is a new method for creating NAC, surgeons can accomplish nipple reconstruction and scar revision simultaneously. This article described the modified C-V flap technique for nipple reconstruction. This modified method is simple and reliable with good outcome. Methods To evaluate the effectiveness of our technique, we reviewed 21 patients who underwent nipple reconstruction using the scar-based modified C-V flap technique. For scar-based modified C-V flap, a C flap was designed to match the contralateral nipple in width while a V flap including scar after mastectomy was designed. The flap pedicle was centrally located. The V flap was then fixed surrounding the central part with a proper shape and volume considering the distal part of the flap that had poor vascularization. Results The average age of the 21 patients was 48.4 years. The average length of follow up was 7.4 months. Complication rate was 19.0% including projection loss in 2 cases, tip necrosis in 1 case, postoperative infection in 1 case, and wound dehiscence in 1 case. Reoperations were performed for 2 cases of projection loss, 1 case of partial flap necrosis, and 1 case of wound dehiscence. Conclusions The scar-based modified C-V flap technique is a simple and reliable method for nipple reconstruction with aesthetic outcome. Patients who have undergone this surgical technique tend to have great satisfaction with the results.

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“…Few et al [14] reported a 59% reduction in the projection rate at the 8-year follow-up in patients who had undergone the modified star flap technique. Valdatta et al [15] reported a 42% reduction in the projection rate at the 1-year follow-up in patients who had undergone breast reconstruction with silicone implants for breast mound reconstruction, using the C-V flap. Overall, the reported nipple projection reduction is in the range of approximately 40% to 60% (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Our Experiences in Nipple Reconstruction Using the Hammond flap

Yang

Ryu

et al. 2014

Arch Plast Surg

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BackgroundNipple reconstruction following breast mound reconstruction is the final step in breast reconstruction. Although nipple reconstruction is a simple surgery, the psychological aspects of nipple reconstruction are thought to be important. Nipple projection is a key factor in determining patient satisfaction with the surgery. In the present study, the Hammond flap technique was introduced for nipple reconstruction.MethodsTwenty-six patients who had undergone breast reconstruction from February 2008 to March 2012 were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients were evaluated based on preoperative photos, and their nipple diameters and heights were measured. Postoperative evaluation was conducted 3, 6, 9, and 12 months following nipple reconstruction. A questionnaire on patient satisfaction with the nipple reconstruction was administered 12 months after nipple reconstruction. Moreover, the same plastic surgeon scored nipple projection and overall cosmetic result of the new nipple.ResultsThe mean projection was 4.4 mm (range, 3-6 mm), and it well matched the contralateral nipple. Twelve months following nipple reconstruction, the mean reduction rate in the nipple projection was 43.6%. Patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the nipple projection and the overall cosmetic result in 80.7% cases.ConclusionsIn the present study, compared with other techniques, the use of the Hammond flap technique in nipple reconstruction showed competitive results with regard to nipple projection and patient satisfaction.

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Our experience of nipple reconstruction using the C-V flap technique: 1 year evaluation

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Nipple-areolar complex reconstruction and patient satisfaction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nipple-areolar complex reconstruction and patient satisfaction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nipple Reconstruction Using a Scar-Based Modified C-V Flap

Our Experiences in Nipple Reconstruction Using the Hammond flap

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