“…Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive method of surgery with advantages over conventional techniques, including a reduction in blood loss, post-operative pain, and incision scars (Klempous et al, 2018). Since laparoscopic tools are inserted through a small cavity, surgeons have reduced or altered tactile-sensation, limited degrees of freedom of movement, and indirect vision during a laparoscopic procedure (Gallagher & O'Sullivan, 2012;Spruit, Kleijweg, Band, & Hamming, 2016).…”