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The foliar chemicals in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) could affect the growth and development of agricultural pests, such as Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) and aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Thus, altering the chemical composition of potato leaves could potentially supplement integrated pest management (IPM). In this study, field experiments were conducted in Quebec, Canada, to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) rates and sources on foliar sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid concentrations and tuber yield of potato cv. Russet Burbank. Three N fertilizer sources of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and polymer-coated urea were used at four N rates of 60, 120, 200, and 280 kg N ha-1 plus an unfertilized control in a randomized complete block design. The fourth leaves from the top of twenty randomly selected plants in each plot were collected at 54, 68, and 82 days after planting for sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid analysis. Tubers were collected at harvest, and the total and marketable yields were measured. Results showed that N fertilization linearly decreased sugar concentrations and these reduced sugars were conveyed and stored in tubers as starch. Glycoalkaloid concentrations in leaves were influenced by N sources and rates. Both total and marketable yields quadratically varied with increasing N rates regardless of N sources, with average values of 36.4 and 28.3 Mg ha-1, respectively. Since N rate affected potato foliar chemical composition and tuber yield, N fertilization could be considered as a supplemental tool to the IPM strategy for potato pest control.
The foliar chemicals in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) could affect the growth and development of agricultural pests, such as Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) and aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Thus, altering the chemical composition of potato leaves could potentially supplement integrated pest management (IPM). In this study, field experiments were conducted in Quebec, Canada, to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) rates and sources on foliar sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid concentrations and tuber yield of potato cv. Russet Burbank. Three N fertilizer sources of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and polymer-coated urea were used at four N rates of 60, 120, 200, and 280 kg N ha-1 plus an unfertilized control in a randomized complete block design. The fourth leaves from the top of twenty randomly selected plants in each plot were collected at 54, 68, and 82 days after planting for sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid analysis. Tubers were collected at harvest, and the total and marketable yields were measured. Results showed that N fertilization linearly decreased sugar concentrations and these reduced sugars were conveyed and stored in tubers as starch. Glycoalkaloid concentrations in leaves were influenced by N sources and rates. Both total and marketable yields quadratically varied with increasing N rates regardless of N sources, with average values of 36.4 and 28.3 Mg ha-1, respectively. Since N rate affected potato foliar chemical composition and tuber yield, N fertilization could be considered as a supplemental tool to the IPM strategy for potato pest control.
To assess changes in the population of black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.) in relation to the cultivar and timing of pest control using insecticides, precision field experiment was carried out in the fields of broad bean (Vicia faba L.). The research was conducted on three broad bean cultivars 'Tiffany', 'Fuego' and 'Vertigo' during three successive growing seasons in 2018, 2019 and 2020 at different sites with a distance between the experimental fields of 1-2 km. The experiment included five insect pest control regimes. The population of black bean aphid was monitored from the beginning of germination by using yellow traps and by counting percent of damaged plants. Assessments of black bean aphid's abundance were done at beginning of flowering to pod development stage. The infestation of black bean aphids on the plants of broad bean cultivars was affected by different spray regimes. All the tested broad bean cultivars were variably infested with Aphis fabae. The experimental data suggest that among the three cultivars tested the most susceptible to A. fabae was 'Tiffany', while 'Fuego' and 'Vertigo' supported a low population density of this pest. Insecticide application according to the local threshold resulted in a significantly lower aphid population compared to the untreated, and the efficacy was similar to that of the full control treatment. The data from four field trials obtained during the three growing seasons suggest that A. fabae infestation can incur a grain yield reduction of 0.21 t ha -1 . Applications according to local threshold with contact and systemic insecticides increased grain yield at the same level, and it was in line with the full control treatment.
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